SPEX303 FINAL EXAM 2024/2025 ACTUAL COMPLETE 200 REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ .
How is blood pH best regulated? Where does this place in the
order of systems activated for thermoregulation? - ANSWER -
Breathing (O2/CO2)
One of the first systems to be recruited in thermoregulation
Where is glycogen stored within the body? - ANSWER -Muscle
and liver Regulation of Glycogen synthase in Muscle - ANSWER -
Decreased adrenaline and Ca++
Increased ATP, G6P, Insulin, Testosterone, Oestrogen
Regulation of Glycogen synthase in Liver - ANSWER -
Decreased glucagon and adrenaline Increased insulin
What affects glycogen resynthesis? - ANSWER -Glycogen
depletion - more you are depleted, the more you resynthesise
Training - better at translocation of GLUT4 transporter molecules
to muscle membranes
Fibre type - type 1 (quicker)
,Amount and type of CHO - high glycemic index results in
greater insulin and quicker resynthesis Hormones - insulin
acutely
Muscle damage - impairs
Results of overtraining? - ANSWER -Decreased performance,
prolonged fatigue, result of imbalance between exercise and
recovery
What are some symptoms of overtraining? - ANSWER -Increased
sympathetic stimulation - heart rate, resting blood pressure, max
lactate during exercise
Increased risk of injuries, infections
Decreased: performance, appetite, weight loss, recovery after
exercise, irritability, emotional lability, sore muscles, power
output
Disturbed sleep, loss of training and competitive desire, postural
hypertension, slow return of BP after training
What occurs in the Parasympatheic phase of overtraining? -
ANSWER -Decreased
HR max and blood glucose
Sympathetic activity depressed, decreased catecholamine
response to exercise
,What causes overtraining? - ANSWER -An imbalance of training
and recovery - training too hard and not taking enough time to
recover before training again
Decreased: glycogen, Iron, energy
Negative N balance and vegetarian diet supplements
In general, reproductive hormones are anabolic/catabolic? -
ANSWER -Anabolic
Effects of exercise on LH and FSH in women? - ANSWER -Can
increase within 2h but may decrease frequency of the pulsatility
Low energy also decreases
Chronic exercise (increasing training) can also decrease amount
released
Why might testosterone decrease with over-training? - ANSWER -
Decreased
testicular LH receptor sensitivity from increased
ACTH and cortisol Enzymatic inhibition or direct on
Leydig cells by cortisol Head trauma?
Increased breakdown of testosterone
Effect on sex hormone binding globulins
What are some Anti-reproductive hormones? - ANSWER -
Melatonin, Prolactin, Beta-endorphin, cortisol
, Melanin - where is it secreted from? when is it secreted? what can
it impair? - ANSWER -Pineal glands - high at night, low during
day, increases with exercise in day but not at night
May impair rhythm of release of sex hormones
Prolactin - when does it secrete? - ANSWER -With exercise
Opiod peptides (beta-endorphins) can be secreted when? Effect
on GnRH and LH? - ANSWER -during long-lasting exercise,
>60mins or highly intensive, anaerobic exercise shorter (30 mins
or less)
Decreases GnRH and LH pulsatility
Why is plasma creatine kinase activity an indicator of
overtraining? - ANSWER Shouldn't be in the bloodstream and
therefore is an indicator of muscle damage
What are some practical ways of avoiding over-training? -
ANSWER -Hard day:Easy day principle
Adjust diet to accommodate needs - CHO and protein
What factor is the quickest to detrain? - ANSWER -Stroke volume
(diastolic filling) - primary function of reduced plasma volume
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ .
How is blood pH best regulated? Where does this place in the
order of systems activated for thermoregulation? - ANSWER -
Breathing (O2/CO2)
One of the first systems to be recruited in thermoregulation
Where is glycogen stored within the body? - ANSWER -Muscle
and liver Regulation of Glycogen synthase in Muscle - ANSWER -
Decreased adrenaline and Ca++
Increased ATP, G6P, Insulin, Testosterone, Oestrogen
Regulation of Glycogen synthase in Liver - ANSWER -
Decreased glucagon and adrenaline Increased insulin
What affects glycogen resynthesis? - ANSWER -Glycogen
depletion - more you are depleted, the more you resynthesise
Training - better at translocation of GLUT4 transporter molecules
to muscle membranes
Fibre type - type 1 (quicker)
,Amount and type of CHO - high glycemic index results in
greater insulin and quicker resynthesis Hormones - insulin
acutely
Muscle damage - impairs
Results of overtraining? - ANSWER -Decreased performance,
prolonged fatigue, result of imbalance between exercise and
recovery
What are some symptoms of overtraining? - ANSWER -Increased
sympathetic stimulation - heart rate, resting blood pressure, max
lactate during exercise
Increased risk of injuries, infections
Decreased: performance, appetite, weight loss, recovery after
exercise, irritability, emotional lability, sore muscles, power
output
Disturbed sleep, loss of training and competitive desire, postural
hypertension, slow return of BP after training
What occurs in the Parasympatheic phase of overtraining? -
ANSWER -Decreased
HR max and blood glucose
Sympathetic activity depressed, decreased catecholamine
response to exercise
,What causes overtraining? - ANSWER -An imbalance of training
and recovery - training too hard and not taking enough time to
recover before training again
Decreased: glycogen, Iron, energy
Negative N balance and vegetarian diet supplements
In general, reproductive hormones are anabolic/catabolic? -
ANSWER -Anabolic
Effects of exercise on LH and FSH in women? - ANSWER -Can
increase within 2h but may decrease frequency of the pulsatility
Low energy also decreases
Chronic exercise (increasing training) can also decrease amount
released
Why might testosterone decrease with over-training? - ANSWER -
Decreased
testicular LH receptor sensitivity from increased
ACTH and cortisol Enzymatic inhibition or direct on
Leydig cells by cortisol Head trauma?
Increased breakdown of testosterone
Effect on sex hormone binding globulins
What are some Anti-reproductive hormones? - ANSWER -
Melatonin, Prolactin, Beta-endorphin, cortisol
, Melanin - where is it secreted from? when is it secreted? what can
it impair? - ANSWER -Pineal glands - high at night, low during
day, increases with exercise in day but not at night
May impair rhythm of release of sex hormones
Prolactin - when does it secrete? - ANSWER -With exercise
Opiod peptides (beta-endorphins) can be secreted when? Effect
on GnRH and LH? - ANSWER -during long-lasting exercise,
>60mins or highly intensive, anaerobic exercise shorter (30 mins
or less)
Decreases GnRH and LH pulsatility
Why is plasma creatine kinase activity an indicator of
overtraining? - ANSWER Shouldn't be in the bloodstream and
therefore is an indicator of muscle damage
What are some practical ways of avoiding over-training? -
ANSWER -Hard day:Easy day principle
Adjust diet to accommodate needs - CHO and protein
What factor is the quickest to detrain? - ANSWER -Stroke volume
(diastolic filling) - primary function of reduced plasma volume
