Praxis Principles of Learning and
Teaching: Grades 7-12 PLT
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Bandura - ✔✔Theorist - "Social Learning Theory" Children learn by observing others.
Model behaviors and skills. Cognitive and Behavioral.
1. attention
2. retention
3. motor reproduction
4. motivation
Bruner - ✔✔Theorist - Cognition - "Constructivist Theory." Discovery learning and
scaffolding. Learning is an active process, learners construct ideas based on knowledge
or past experiences. Instruction should allow students to discover information by
themselves (dialog).
(1) predisposition towards learning, (2) the ways in which a body of knowledge can be
structured so that it can be most readily grasped by the learner, (3) the most effective
Emily Charlene © All Rights Reserved 2025. 1
,sequences in which to present material, and (4) the nature and pacing of rewards and
punishments
Dewey - ✔✔Learning Through Experience and father of progressive education. Project-
based learning, cooperative learning. Learning is a process of living. Teach children to
be problem solvers. "Just Dew it"
Piaget - ✔✔Theorist (Biology and Philosophy) - "Genetic Epistemology." - wanted to
know how knowledge developed in human organisms 4 Stages of Cognitive
Development. sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, and formal operations.
sensorimotor (Piaget) - ✔✔(0-2 years), intelligence takes the form of motor actions.
preoperations (Piaget) - ✔✔(3-7 years) Intelligence is intuitive in nature.
concrete operations (Piaget) - ✔✔(8-11 years) Intelligence is logical but depends upon
concrete referents.
formal operations (Piaget) - ✔✔(12-15 years), thinking involves abstractions.
Assimilation - ✔✔involves the interpretation of events in terms of existing cognitive
structure
accommodation - ✔✔refers to changing the cognitive structure to make sense of the
environment
Emily Charlene © All Rights Reserved 2025. 2
, Vygotsky - ✔✔Theorist - The major theme of Vygotsky's theoretical framework is that
social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition. cognitive
development depends on Zone of Proximal Development (what the student can do with
help). "social development theory of learning." Cognitive.
Kohlberg - ✔✔Theory of moral development (pre-conventional, conventional, and post-
conventional). theorist
Bloom - ✔✔His taxonomy of learning domains - impact the way educators writer
learning objectives, plan learning activities, and assess student performance.
Thorndike - ✔✔Connectionism. Learning theorist. (cat in box experiment)
Law of Effect: any behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be
repeated, and any behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is likely to be
stopped.
Learning is the result of associations forming between stimuli and responses. Such
associations or "habits" become strengthened or weakened by the nature and frequency
of the S-R pairings.
Watson - ✔✔Founder of behaviorism (also called learning theory).
controversal - he conditioned fear of white rats and other furry objects in "Little Albert,"
an orphaned 11-month-old boy.
Emily Charlene © All Rights Reserved 2025. 3
Teaching: Grades 7-12 PLT
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Bandura - ✔✔Theorist - "Social Learning Theory" Children learn by observing others.
Model behaviors and skills. Cognitive and Behavioral.
1. attention
2. retention
3. motor reproduction
4. motivation
Bruner - ✔✔Theorist - Cognition - "Constructivist Theory." Discovery learning and
scaffolding. Learning is an active process, learners construct ideas based on knowledge
or past experiences. Instruction should allow students to discover information by
themselves (dialog).
(1) predisposition towards learning, (2) the ways in which a body of knowledge can be
structured so that it can be most readily grasped by the learner, (3) the most effective
Emily Charlene © All Rights Reserved 2025. 1
,sequences in which to present material, and (4) the nature and pacing of rewards and
punishments
Dewey - ✔✔Learning Through Experience and father of progressive education. Project-
based learning, cooperative learning. Learning is a process of living. Teach children to
be problem solvers. "Just Dew it"
Piaget - ✔✔Theorist (Biology and Philosophy) - "Genetic Epistemology." - wanted to
know how knowledge developed in human organisms 4 Stages of Cognitive
Development. sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, and formal operations.
sensorimotor (Piaget) - ✔✔(0-2 years), intelligence takes the form of motor actions.
preoperations (Piaget) - ✔✔(3-7 years) Intelligence is intuitive in nature.
concrete operations (Piaget) - ✔✔(8-11 years) Intelligence is logical but depends upon
concrete referents.
formal operations (Piaget) - ✔✔(12-15 years), thinking involves abstractions.
Assimilation - ✔✔involves the interpretation of events in terms of existing cognitive
structure
accommodation - ✔✔refers to changing the cognitive structure to make sense of the
environment
Emily Charlene © All Rights Reserved 2025. 2
, Vygotsky - ✔✔Theorist - The major theme of Vygotsky's theoretical framework is that
social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition. cognitive
development depends on Zone of Proximal Development (what the student can do with
help). "social development theory of learning." Cognitive.
Kohlberg - ✔✔Theory of moral development (pre-conventional, conventional, and post-
conventional). theorist
Bloom - ✔✔His taxonomy of learning domains - impact the way educators writer
learning objectives, plan learning activities, and assess student performance.
Thorndike - ✔✔Connectionism. Learning theorist. (cat in box experiment)
Law of Effect: any behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be
repeated, and any behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is likely to be
stopped.
Learning is the result of associations forming between stimuli and responses. Such
associations or "habits" become strengthened or weakened by the nature and frequency
of the S-R pairings.
Watson - ✔✔Founder of behaviorism (also called learning theory).
controversal - he conditioned fear of white rats and other furry objects in "Little Albert,"
an orphaned 11-month-old boy.
Emily Charlene © All Rights Reserved 2025. 3
