Boil 200 Midterm Exam Questions
with 100% Correct Answers
Reproduction of Basidiomycota - Answer--asexual: -oidia (haploid spores) from
monokaryotic hyphae
-sexual: -homothallic or heterothallic hyphae
-dikaryon is the dominant growth phase of life cycle
-basidium produces basidiospores
Evolution within aquatic environments - Answer--water as a growth medium provides
buoyancy and resource supply/waste removal
-growth in air/soil medium requires structural strength and internal distribution of
resources
Traits that land plants evolved - Answer--apical meristems-shoots and roots
-alternation of generations
-multicellular
-walled spores
-multicellular gametangia
Embryophytes - Answer-Another name for land plants, recognizing that land plants
share the common derived trait of multicellular, dependent embryos.
niche adaptation in plants - Answer--differing abiotic environmental features spatially
and temporally
-differing biotic pressures such as inter and intra specific competition
resource acquisition in plants - Answer--belowground: -water and nutrient acquisition
-aboveground: -enhancing light availability and dispersal of propagules promoted traits
for growing tall
features of byrophytes - Answer--herbaceous only (short stature, soft tissued)
-non-vascular
-nutrient and water uptake and gas exchange via single-celled or very thin leaf-like
appendages
-attachement to substrate via rhizoids
-require moisture to complete life cycle but very tolerant of periods of desiccation
-life cycle dominated by the gametophyte stage
reproduction of bryophytes - Answer-- Gametophyte is the dominant generation
, - Produces eggs in archegonia
- Produces flagellated sperm in antheridia
- Sperm swim to egg in film of water to make zygote
why has the distinct embryo phase of all land plants evolved? - Answer--maternal
nourishment via plant placenta
-multi-celled diploid embryonic sporophyte
-many diploid cells available for meiosis
-numerous genetically different haploid spores
Pteridophytes - Answer-Seedless plants with true roots with lignified vascular tissue.
The group includes ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails.
Features of seedless vascular plants - Answer--vascular tissue
-stem branching
-roots and leaves including sporophylls
-sporophyte dominant life cycle
Pteridophyte life cycle - Answer--gametophyte phase suppressed, sporophyte phase
greatly enhanced and clearly dominant
how did evolution arrive at the seed as a fundamental adaptive trait? - Answer--further
reduced gametophyte stage
-advanced heterospory-to permit development of separate male and female
gametophytes
-ovules
-pollen as airborne dispersal agent that brings male sperm to the immobile female egg
-seed to enhance progeny fitness
angiosperms - Answer-A flowering plant which forms seeds inside a protective chamber
called an ovary.
-evolved to have a reduced gametophyte stage
pollen - Answer--the solution to gametophyte egg retention within the sporphyte
seeds vs spores - Answer-spores: -the only protected stage in seedless plants and were
the principal mechanism for dispersal in all higher plants for first 100myrs after land
colonisation
seed: -multicellularity protects, conferring much longer dormancy, especially under
relatively dry conditions
-protective seed coat, internal nutrient storing cells, embryo deeply protected by both of
the above
gymnosperms - Answer-A plant that produces seeds that are exposed rather than
seeds enclosed in fruits
with 100% Correct Answers
Reproduction of Basidiomycota - Answer--asexual: -oidia (haploid spores) from
monokaryotic hyphae
-sexual: -homothallic or heterothallic hyphae
-dikaryon is the dominant growth phase of life cycle
-basidium produces basidiospores
Evolution within aquatic environments - Answer--water as a growth medium provides
buoyancy and resource supply/waste removal
-growth in air/soil medium requires structural strength and internal distribution of
resources
Traits that land plants evolved - Answer--apical meristems-shoots and roots
-alternation of generations
-multicellular
-walled spores
-multicellular gametangia
Embryophytes - Answer-Another name for land plants, recognizing that land plants
share the common derived trait of multicellular, dependent embryos.
niche adaptation in plants - Answer--differing abiotic environmental features spatially
and temporally
-differing biotic pressures such as inter and intra specific competition
resource acquisition in plants - Answer--belowground: -water and nutrient acquisition
-aboveground: -enhancing light availability and dispersal of propagules promoted traits
for growing tall
features of byrophytes - Answer--herbaceous only (short stature, soft tissued)
-non-vascular
-nutrient and water uptake and gas exchange via single-celled or very thin leaf-like
appendages
-attachement to substrate via rhizoids
-require moisture to complete life cycle but very tolerant of periods of desiccation
-life cycle dominated by the gametophyte stage
reproduction of bryophytes - Answer-- Gametophyte is the dominant generation
, - Produces eggs in archegonia
- Produces flagellated sperm in antheridia
- Sperm swim to egg in film of water to make zygote
why has the distinct embryo phase of all land plants evolved? - Answer--maternal
nourishment via plant placenta
-multi-celled diploid embryonic sporophyte
-many diploid cells available for meiosis
-numerous genetically different haploid spores
Pteridophytes - Answer-Seedless plants with true roots with lignified vascular tissue.
The group includes ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails.
Features of seedless vascular plants - Answer--vascular tissue
-stem branching
-roots and leaves including sporophylls
-sporophyte dominant life cycle
Pteridophyte life cycle - Answer--gametophyte phase suppressed, sporophyte phase
greatly enhanced and clearly dominant
how did evolution arrive at the seed as a fundamental adaptive trait? - Answer--further
reduced gametophyte stage
-advanced heterospory-to permit development of separate male and female
gametophytes
-ovules
-pollen as airborne dispersal agent that brings male sperm to the immobile female egg
-seed to enhance progeny fitness
angiosperms - Answer-A flowering plant which forms seeds inside a protective chamber
called an ovary.
-evolved to have a reduced gametophyte stage
pollen - Answer--the solution to gametophyte egg retention within the sporphyte
seeds vs spores - Answer-spores: -the only protected stage in seedless plants and were
the principal mechanism for dispersal in all higher plants for first 100myrs after land
colonisation
seed: -multicellularity protects, conferring much longer dormancy, especially under
relatively dry conditions
-protective seed coat, internal nutrient storing cells, embryo deeply protected by both of
the above
gymnosperms - Answer-A plant that produces seeds that are exposed rather than
seeds enclosed in fruits
