1-
Chapter1:AnInvisibleWorld
b
*=Correctanswer
b v
b MultipleChoice
1. Whichofthefollowingistrueofthemicrobialworld?
A. Allmicrobesareharmful. b
B. Humanscouldsurvivewithoutmicrobes.
C. Manymicrobesarehelpful.* b
D. Mostmicrobesarepathogenic. b
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:23,24
b
2. Whichofthefollowingiswhenhumansfirstsuspectedtheexistenceof microbes?
b b b b
A. duringtheIndustrial Revolution b
B. inprehistorictimes*
C. inthelastcentury
D. withinthelast500years
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:23
b
3. Whichindividualfirstobservedunicellularorganisms,whichhecalled
“animalcules,”usingamicroscopehedeveloped?
b
A. RobertKoch V
B. LouisPasteur
C. Thucydides
D. AntonievanLeeuwenhoek*
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:6
b
4. ToreducetheriskofopenflamefromBunsenburners,microbiologistsare b
increasinglyusingwhichofthefollowingdevicesforeasy,rapid
b b
benchtop sterilizationof small pieces of equipment?
b b b b b b
A. autoclaves
B. ethyleneoxide
C. incubators
D. microincinerators*
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:36
b
,5. TheSwedishbotanistknownforhavingdevelopedanimportantbiological
classificationsystemiswhichofthefollowing people?
b b b
A. ErnstHaeckel V
B. CarolusLinnaeus*
C. LouisPasteur
D. RobertWhittaker
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
b
6. WhichkingdomwastheonlyonefoundinEmpire Prokaryota?
b b
A. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Monera*
D. Protista
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
b
7. Whicharethethreecurrentlyaccepteddomains?
b b
A. Archaea,Bacteria,andEukarya*
B. Archaea,Prokaryota,andEukaryota
C. Bacteria,Fungi,andProtista b
D. Bacteria,Prokaryota,andEukarya
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
b
8. Whichtwotaxonomicunitsaretypicallyusedtoidentifyanorganismwhen
using binomialnomenclature?
b b
A. domainandkingdom
B. genusandfamily
C. genusand species* b
D. phylumandclass
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
b
9. Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutthe processoffermentation? b
A. Itcanhelppreservefoods,preventingspoilage.
V
B. Itconvertssugarstoorganicacids,alcohols, and/orgasessuchascarbondioxide.
b b b
C. Itiscarriedoutexclusivelybyunicellular eukaryotes suchasyeast.* b b b
D. Iti susedtomakefoodssuchascheeseandbread.
V b V V
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:11,23,26
b
,10. TheRomansmayhave reducedtheirrisk ofwaterborne b V
infectiousdiseasesbyusing whichofthefollowing?
b b
A. avarietyofpharmaceutical products b
B. aqueductsandasewer system* b b
C. prophylacticantibiotics
D. quarantineofpeoplewithleprosy b
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:23
b
11. ForwhichofthefollowingisThucydidesknown? V
A. developinganeffectivesewersysteminancient Greece,helpingtoreduce v
levelsofdisease in cities
b b b
B. observingmicrobes,usingamicroscope,forthefirsttime,evendistinguishing v
betweenbacteria and fungi
b b b
C. proposingthatdiseasewas causedbymicroorganisms b
D. realizingthat peoplewhohadbeeninfectedbytheAthenian
v
plaguehad immunitytoreinfection*
b b
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:23,31
b
12. ErnstHaeckelproposedaclassificationsystemconsistingofwhichof
bthe followingsubgroups?
b
A. fivekingdoms
B. fourkingdoms*
C. twodomainsandthreekingdoms
D. twodomainsandfivekingdoms b
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:N/A
b
13. Virusesnoti ncludedinphylogenetictreesforwhichofthefollowingreasons?
V b b
A. Iti stoodifficultt oobservetheircharacteristics.
V b V b b
B. Theyareacellularandnonliving.*
C. Theydonothaveanygenes,whichpreventsgeneticanalysis. b b
D. Theylackanucleus. b
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:5
b b
14. Whichisthebestdescriptionoftheprimarypurposeofaphylogeny? b b
A. Phylogeniesshowallthealterativenamesforeachspecies.
B. Phylogeniesshowallthe commonnamesforeach species. b b b
C. Phylogeniesshowevolutionaryrelatednessbetweenorganisms.*
, D. Phylogeniesshowinteractionsbetweenspecies inasharedhabitat. b b V
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:5
b b
15. Currentphylogenetic analysesinclude whichof thefollowing?
b v b b
A. informationfromarangeofsources,includingmorphological,genetic,
band biochemicaldata*
b
B. informationonvisiblesimilaritiesonly
C. informationregardinghowtoclassifyorganismsonthebasis
bofexternal morphological characteristics and visiblebehaviors
b b b b
D. variedmorphologicalandstructuralcharacteristics,withpreferenceforleaving
historicalclassifications to preventconfusion
b b b V
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:5
b b
16. Diatomsareclassifiedwithinwhichofthefollowingdomains?
A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Eukarya*
D. Prokaryota
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:N/A
b
17. Horizontalgenetransferinvolveswhichofthefollowing?
A. anytransferofgenesinalaboratorysetting b
B. thetransferofgenesfromavirustoabacteriumorviceversa
but notanyother formofgenetransfer
b v b
C. thetransferofgenesfromoneindividualtoanother,
includingfromone species toanother,but notfrom parent
b b b v b
tooffspring*
b
D. thetransferofgenesfromparenttooffspring b
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:2,4
b
18. Bacteriaaregenerallyidentifiedtospeciesbyusingwhichofthefollowing?
b b
A. acombinationofgenetic, biochemical,andmicroscopicapproaches*
b b
B. a combinationofmicroscopicand physiologicalapproaches,butnotgenetics
b b v
C. primarilycharacteristicssuchasmotilitythatcanbe visualizedusingmicroscopy b
D. primarilymorphologicalcharacteristicsofindividualcells
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:34,36
b
Chapter1:AnInvisibleWorld
b
*=Correctanswer
b v
b MultipleChoice
1. Whichofthefollowingistrueofthemicrobialworld?
A. Allmicrobesareharmful. b
B. Humanscouldsurvivewithoutmicrobes.
C. Manymicrobesarehelpful.* b
D. Mostmicrobesarepathogenic. b
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:23,24
b
2. Whichofthefollowingiswhenhumansfirstsuspectedtheexistenceof microbes?
b b b b
A. duringtheIndustrial Revolution b
B. inprehistorictimes*
C. inthelastcentury
D. withinthelast500years
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:23
b
3. Whichindividualfirstobservedunicellularorganisms,whichhecalled
“animalcules,”usingamicroscopehedeveloped?
b
A. RobertKoch V
B. LouisPasteur
C. Thucydides
D. AntonievanLeeuwenhoek*
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:6
b
4. ToreducetheriskofopenflamefromBunsenburners,microbiologistsare b
increasinglyusingwhichofthefollowingdevicesforeasy,rapid
b b
benchtop sterilizationof small pieces of equipment?
b b b b b b
A. autoclaves
B. ethyleneoxide
C. incubators
D. microincinerators*
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:36
b
,5. TheSwedishbotanistknownforhavingdevelopedanimportantbiological
classificationsystemiswhichofthefollowing people?
b b b
A. ErnstHaeckel V
B. CarolusLinnaeus*
C. LouisPasteur
D. RobertWhittaker
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
b
6. WhichkingdomwastheonlyonefoundinEmpire Prokaryota?
b b
A. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Monera*
D. Protista
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
b
7. Whicharethethreecurrentlyaccepteddomains?
b b
A. Archaea,Bacteria,andEukarya*
B. Archaea,Prokaryota,andEukaryota
C. Bacteria,Fungi,andProtista b
D. Bacteria,Prokaryota,andEukarya
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
b
8. Whichtwotaxonomicunitsaretypicallyusedtoidentifyanorganismwhen
using binomialnomenclature?
b b
A. domainandkingdom
B. genusandfamily
C. genusand species* b
D. phylumandclass
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
b
9. Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutthe processoffermentation? b
A. Itcanhelppreservefoods,preventingspoilage.
V
B. Itconvertssugarstoorganicacids,alcohols, and/orgasessuchascarbondioxide.
b b b
C. Itiscarriedoutexclusivelybyunicellular eukaryotes suchasyeast.* b b b
D. Iti susedtomakefoodssuchascheeseandbread.
V b V V
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:11,23,26
b
,10. TheRomansmayhave reducedtheirrisk ofwaterborne b V
infectiousdiseasesbyusing whichofthefollowing?
b b
A. avarietyofpharmaceutical products b
B. aqueductsandasewer system* b b
C. prophylacticantibiotics
D. quarantineofpeoplewithleprosy b
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:23
b
11. ForwhichofthefollowingisThucydidesknown? V
A. developinganeffectivesewersysteminancient Greece,helpingtoreduce v
levelsofdisease in cities
b b b
B. observingmicrobes,usingamicroscope,forthefirsttime,evendistinguishing v
betweenbacteria and fungi
b b b
C. proposingthatdiseasewas causedbymicroorganisms b
D. realizingthat peoplewhohadbeeninfectedbytheAthenian
v
plaguehad immunitytoreinfection*
b b
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:23,31
b
12. ErnstHaeckelproposedaclassificationsystemconsistingofwhichof
bthe followingsubgroups?
b
A. fivekingdoms
B. fourkingdoms*
C. twodomainsandthreekingdoms
D. twodomainsandfivekingdoms b
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:N/A
b
13. Virusesnoti ncludedinphylogenetictreesforwhichofthefollowingreasons?
V b b
A. Iti stoodifficultt oobservetheircharacteristics.
V b V b b
B. Theyareacellularandnonliving.*
C. Theydonothaveanygenes,whichpreventsgeneticanalysis. b b
D. Theylackanucleus. b
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:5
b b
14. Whichisthebestdescriptionoftheprimarypurposeofaphylogeny? b b
A. Phylogeniesshowallthealterativenamesforeachspecies.
B. Phylogeniesshowallthe commonnamesforeach species. b b b
C. Phylogeniesshowevolutionaryrelatednessbetweenorganisms.*
, D. Phylogeniesshowinteractionsbetweenspecies inasharedhabitat. b b V
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:5
b b
15. Currentphylogenetic analysesinclude whichof thefollowing?
b v b b
A. informationfromarangeofsources,includingmorphological,genetic,
band biochemicaldata*
b
B. informationonvisiblesimilaritiesonly
C. informationregardinghowtoclassifyorganismsonthebasis
bofexternal morphological characteristics and visiblebehaviors
b b b b
D. variedmorphologicalandstructuralcharacteristics,withpreferenceforleaving
historicalclassifications to preventconfusion
b b b V
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:5
b b
16. Diatomsareclassifiedwithinwhichofthefollowingdomains?
A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Eukarya*
D. Prokaryota
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:N/A
b
17. Horizontalgenetransferinvolveswhichofthefollowing?
A. anytransferofgenesinalaboratorysetting b
B. thetransferofgenesfromavirustoabacteriumorviceversa
but notanyother formofgenetransfer
b v b
C. thetransferofgenesfromoneindividualtoanother,
includingfromone species toanother,but notfrom parent
b b b v b
tooffspring*
b
D. thetransferofgenesfromparenttooffspring b
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:2,4
b
18. Bacteriaaregenerallyidentifiedtospeciesbyusingwhichofthefollowing?
b b
A. acombinationofgenetic, biochemical,andmicroscopicapproaches*
b b
B. a combinationofmicroscopicand physiologicalapproaches,butnotgenetics
b b v
C. primarilycharacteristicssuchasmotilitythatcanbe visualizedusingmicroscopy b
D. primarilymorphologicalcharacteristicsofindividualcells
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:34,36
b
