Cogsci FINAL EXAM SG Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Cogsci FINAL EXAM SG Questions and Answers 100% Pass Be prepared to give one example of a music neuroscience study that compares music and language. You should be able to explain the basic method used (e.g., EEG, fMRI, behavioral), what was measured, and how the authors used the findings to compare music and language. (The lecture gave several examples—you should be able to fully explain one of them). - EEG Study 1: Correct ending vs incorrect ending Participants listen to many musical chords while EEG is recorded. Are brains sensitive to "incorrect" chords!? When is the brain first responsive to the "wrong" chords? (at least 180ms)- Does the brain use similar resources for music errors as for language errors? (yes) 1 example of music neuroscience - ERAN: Early Right Anterior Negativity - Brain are sensitive to "incorrect chords" evoked by music syntax violations Music Syntax Violations - occur 180sms after hearing a "wrong" chord How are ERPs used to study music and language? - Early Right Anterior Negativity component (ERAN) is evoked by musical chords that are in the wrong place for the EMILY CHARLENE © 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2 type of chord that they are, just like the wrong kind of word can be a grammatical violation. Methods for detecting syntax violations - EEG has poor spatial resolution so it's hard to tell anatomically where it is Embodied Cognition - all theories share a view that the bodys interaction with the environment (CHALLENGES CRUM) Uses body to solve problems the mind cannot CRUM Computation Representation and Theory of Mind - focuses on computational operations and representation of mind (perception - cognition - action) Forms of Cognition that do not require representations - Outfielder Problem Outfielder problem - How does the outfielder know where the ball will land? Outfielder solutions - Embodied solution: Uses body to interact with the environment & change one's perception of the ball Computational solution: one must use mind to calculate velocity, distance, speed and angle of ball Watt Governor - one unified system that offers a model for thought inputs (perception/sensation) = adjustments to movement EMILY CHARLENE © 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3 Understand a few ways that Embodied Cognition theories challenge CRUM - They all share the view that thinking depends on the body proper (i.e., not just the brain) and its interaction with the environment Cognition is not just something done inside the head, but rather through interaction with the world - Thinking is done by interacting with the world, not just computing in the head. Some forms of cognition might not require computation at all - Replacement hypothesis: We don't need representations to think-Sensorimotor contingencies alone can produce intelligent behavior•E.g., the light-tracking robot Be prepared to write about the outfielder problem (how outfielders figure out where a fly ball will land in baseball). - Calculate traj