Pharmacology II Exam 4 with
correct answers graded A plus
Q1 What is a head injury?
Any damage to the head as a result of trauma
Q2 Is a brain injury always present with a head injury?
No
Q3 What is a traumatic brain injury?
A "violent blow" to the head that interferes with daily life and requires medical treatment.
What is another word for a TBI?
Craniocerebral trauma
What is the primary injury?
The direct blow
What is the secondary injury?
Symptoms that occur over hours - days after initial injury
,What causes the secondary injury?
Inadequate delivery of nutrients and oxygen to cells
What 3 components does the cranial vault hold?
Brain
Blood
CSF
What does CSF do?
Protects the brain
What is the Monroe-Kellie Hypothesis?
A change in any one of the components must be accompanied by a reciprocal change in one or both of
the other components.
- The 3 components must maintain an equal balance
What can happen if an equal balance is not maintained and pressure increases?
Brain herniation through the skull
What are some symptoms of a TBI?
Headache
Neck stiffness
Confusion
N/V
,- Projectile vomiting first 24 hrs.
Seizure
Vision changes
Slurred speech
What do we need to watch during the first 24 hours after a TBI?
Eyes (pupils!)
Behavior
Speech
Don't let a pt with a recent TBI go to sleep
True
What is a scalp injury?
Isolated scalp trauma
-usually minor but high risk for infection
NOT an emergency
What life-threatening emergency can a scalp injury result in?
Avulsion
- Tearing away of the skull
What are the 2 main things pts are at risk for with a scalp injury?
Infection
, Bleeding
How are scalp injuries treated?
- irrigate the area
- remove debris
- clean thoroughly
What is a skull fracture?
Break in the continuity of the skull caused by forceful trauma
- caused by forceful trauma
- may occur WITH or WITHOUT damage to brain
How are skull fractures classified?
Type
Location
Open or closed
What is a linear skull fox?
Break in continuity of bone
- Straight line
What is a comminuted skull fox?
Splintered or multiple fracture line
correct answers graded A plus
Q1 What is a head injury?
Any damage to the head as a result of trauma
Q2 Is a brain injury always present with a head injury?
No
Q3 What is a traumatic brain injury?
A "violent blow" to the head that interferes with daily life and requires medical treatment.
What is another word for a TBI?
Craniocerebral trauma
What is the primary injury?
The direct blow
What is the secondary injury?
Symptoms that occur over hours - days after initial injury
,What causes the secondary injury?
Inadequate delivery of nutrients and oxygen to cells
What 3 components does the cranial vault hold?
Brain
Blood
CSF
What does CSF do?
Protects the brain
What is the Monroe-Kellie Hypothesis?
A change in any one of the components must be accompanied by a reciprocal change in one or both of
the other components.
- The 3 components must maintain an equal balance
What can happen if an equal balance is not maintained and pressure increases?
Brain herniation through the skull
What are some symptoms of a TBI?
Headache
Neck stiffness
Confusion
N/V
,- Projectile vomiting first 24 hrs.
Seizure
Vision changes
Slurred speech
What do we need to watch during the first 24 hours after a TBI?
Eyes (pupils!)
Behavior
Speech
Don't let a pt with a recent TBI go to sleep
True
What is a scalp injury?
Isolated scalp trauma
-usually minor but high risk for infection
NOT an emergency
What life-threatening emergency can a scalp injury result in?
Avulsion
- Tearing away of the skull
What are the 2 main things pts are at risk for with a scalp injury?
Infection
, Bleeding
How are scalp injuries treated?
- irrigate the area
- remove debris
- clean thoroughly
What is a skull fracture?
Break in the continuity of the skull caused by forceful trauma
- caused by forceful trauma
- may occur WITH or WITHOUT damage to brain
How are skull fractures classified?
Type
Location
Open or closed
What is a linear skull fox?
Break in continuity of bone
- Straight line
What is a comminuted skull fox?
Splintered or multiple fracture line
