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Social Organization - ✔✔-rules and structures that govern relationships within a group of interacting
people
residential groups appear in the archaeological record as - ✔✔households and villages
Nonresidential groups are manifested archaeologically through the use of - ✔✔Symbols, ceremonies,
mythologies, or insignias of membership
Political organization - ✔✔-the formal and informal institutions that regulate a society collective acts.
-Control may be at level of residential or nonresidential level
Four broad areas of human social and political behavior: - ✔✔gender, kinship, social status, and trade
From artifacts to symbols - ✔✔-information about social and political organization is derived from
artifacts
-Artifacts are not just "things" but symbols
-How an artifact enters the archeological record is often a project of what it means
people manipulate material culture to send culturally specific symbolic messages - ✔✔ex: bringing
flowers to dinner as a way to thank a host is a culturally-specific standard American way to socially
interact; Mikea, the forager-horticulturalists, expect guests to bring tabacco
some societies recognize men who live as women or women who live as men as a - ✔✔third gender
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, in some plains Indian tribes, berdaches were - ✔✔men who chose to live as a women performing women
roles
Androcentric - ✔✔a perspective that focuses on what men do in a society, to the exclusion of women
examples of androcentric - ✔✔-hunting weaponry assumed to be always male, plant collecting gear
always female
-burials with atlals in the indian knoll site
The BaMbuti - ✔✔-live in the Ituri Forest of Central Africa and are hunter gatherers
-nearly all exchange meat for agricultural produce with their neighbors the Bantu(horticulturalists)
-Two kind of BaMbuti societies differ in hunting technology
Reconstructing male and female activities from archaeology - ✔✔-for decades the field was male-
dominated
-half of all professional archaeologists in the US today are women
ceramics made by hand were - ✔✔women
ceramics made by wheel were - ✔✔men
The Maya remarkable art style was often depicted on (6 things) - ✔✔stone stelae, polychrome, pottery,
paintings, carvings, and codices
Gender in Maya Iconography - ✔✔-images commonly depict Maya wearing intricate costumes
-Women are often portrayed weaving, preparing maize and serving food to others
-displays women wearing three distinctive dress styles
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