CTR EXAM-ANALYSIS AND DATA USAGE TASKS 12%
EXAM SOLVED #15
Cancer Survival Rate - correct answer Rate of dying among people with cancer
Categorical data - correct answer Nominal and ordinal data. Eg. Male/female, true/false
Nominal data - correct answer Observations that are discreet. All items in one group
have something in common, but are different. Eg. True/false
Male/female
North, south, east, west
Mutually exclusive - correct answer Each data item must fit into only one group and no
data can be left ungrouped
Ordinal data - correct answer Observations that have some continuum or are ranked in
order by some criteria
E.g Stage of disease (I II III IV V)
Interval data - correct answer Observations based on equal units of measurement with
no real 0 point
Eg. Degrees (Celsius or Fahrenheit)
Ratio data - correct answer Observations based on equal units of measurement and
have a well defined absolute 0
Eg. Height, weight
Frequency distributions - correct answer A series of classes/groups with the number of
observations for each interval. Summarize the number of items that fall into specific
categories.
Absolute frequency - correct answer When the distribution equals the actual number of
cases
Relative frequency - correct answer Determined by dividing the number in a class by the
total number
Cumulative frequency - correct answer The number of observations that fall into/or is
less than a given class
Oridinate - correct answer The vertical axis of the graph. The y-axis
Abscissa - correct answer The horizontal axis of the graphz the X-axis
, Histogram graph - correct answer Bar graph that is continuous and in which the height
of each bar is proportional to the number of observations
Frequency polygon graph - correct answer Graph whose points consist of the midpoint
of the interval on the abscissa and the frequency in the ordinate. Points are connected
Cumulative frequency curve graph - correct answer Where each interval midpoint is
plotted against the proportion above that value
Bar graph - correct answer Used for nominal data . Each bar is separate
Pie chart - correct answer Graphic representation of the percentage of a total
Central tendancy - correct answer Describes a set of scores by a single value (mode,
median, mean)- where data tends to cluster
Mode - correct answer Most frequent observation
Median - correct answer Middle score when ranked in order
Mean - correct answer Sum of all scores divided by the number of observations . The
average. Influenced more by extreme values.
3 measures of variability - correct answer Range, variance, standard deviation--how the
data spreads out along the observations. E.g. Fluctuation of tumor sizes.
Range - correct answer Difference between highest and lowest. Highest is 8, lowest is
3. 8-3=5. Greatly influenced by extreme values.
Variance - correct answer Average square of distance of observations from the mean
Standard deviation - correct answer Square root of the variance or spread of data about
the mean
Normal curve - correct answer Symmetric distribution at the mean. Median, mode,
mean are the same
Negative skew - correct answer Tail to the left
Positive skew - correct answer Tail to the right
Relative measurement - correct answer Compare observations from two or more
samples. Use info about whole sample/population
Ratio - correct answer Total population divided into parts
Eg. A/b, female colon/male colon
EXAM SOLVED #15
Cancer Survival Rate - correct answer Rate of dying among people with cancer
Categorical data - correct answer Nominal and ordinal data. Eg. Male/female, true/false
Nominal data - correct answer Observations that are discreet. All items in one group
have something in common, but are different. Eg. True/false
Male/female
North, south, east, west
Mutually exclusive - correct answer Each data item must fit into only one group and no
data can be left ungrouped
Ordinal data - correct answer Observations that have some continuum or are ranked in
order by some criteria
E.g Stage of disease (I II III IV V)
Interval data - correct answer Observations based on equal units of measurement with
no real 0 point
Eg. Degrees (Celsius or Fahrenheit)
Ratio data - correct answer Observations based on equal units of measurement and
have a well defined absolute 0
Eg. Height, weight
Frequency distributions - correct answer A series of classes/groups with the number of
observations for each interval. Summarize the number of items that fall into specific
categories.
Absolute frequency - correct answer When the distribution equals the actual number of
cases
Relative frequency - correct answer Determined by dividing the number in a class by the
total number
Cumulative frequency - correct answer The number of observations that fall into/or is
less than a given class
Oridinate - correct answer The vertical axis of the graph. The y-axis
Abscissa - correct answer The horizontal axis of the graphz the X-axis
, Histogram graph - correct answer Bar graph that is continuous and in which the height
of each bar is proportional to the number of observations
Frequency polygon graph - correct answer Graph whose points consist of the midpoint
of the interval on the abscissa and the frequency in the ordinate. Points are connected
Cumulative frequency curve graph - correct answer Where each interval midpoint is
plotted against the proportion above that value
Bar graph - correct answer Used for nominal data . Each bar is separate
Pie chart - correct answer Graphic representation of the percentage of a total
Central tendancy - correct answer Describes a set of scores by a single value (mode,
median, mean)- where data tends to cluster
Mode - correct answer Most frequent observation
Median - correct answer Middle score when ranked in order
Mean - correct answer Sum of all scores divided by the number of observations . The
average. Influenced more by extreme values.
3 measures of variability - correct answer Range, variance, standard deviation--how the
data spreads out along the observations. E.g. Fluctuation of tumor sizes.
Range - correct answer Difference between highest and lowest. Highest is 8, lowest is
3. 8-3=5. Greatly influenced by extreme values.
Variance - correct answer Average square of distance of observations from the mean
Standard deviation - correct answer Square root of the variance or spread of data about
the mean
Normal curve - correct answer Symmetric distribution at the mean. Median, mode,
mean are the same
Negative skew - correct answer Tail to the left
Positive skew - correct answer Tail to the right
Relative measurement - correct answer Compare observations from two or more
samples. Use info about whole sample/population
Ratio - correct answer Total population divided into parts
Eg. A/b, female colon/male colon
