NUR218 Semester 1 Final Study Guide
Questions and Answers
Body Temperature ✅✅fever is a sign of infection if patient is responding to bacteria, is at
lowest when we sleep due to less bodily processes going on, and at highest around 6pm
Preferred Temperature Route in Pediatrics ✅✅axillary route
Afebrile ✅✅means without fever
Hypothermia ✅✅a body temperature below 95 degrees Fahrenheit, characterized by
cyanosis, loss of sensation, decreasing vitals, body shuts down
Hyperthermia ✅✅a body temperature above 104 degrees fahrenheit, HIGH risk of
seizures, characterized by increased vitals, sweating (Diaphoresis), confusion, derlirium,
extreme thirst, nausea, muscle cramps, dehydration, high mortality rate, when patient stops
sweating (VERY BAD)
,In What Population Is Temperature Most Difficult to Regulate? ✅✅people with brain or
spinal cord injuries
Rectal Temperature Risk ✅✅damage can occur to rectum, especially in infants and
quadriplegics (since they cannot feel it)
What Temperatures are Core Temperatures? ✅✅rectal and tympanic
Downside of Temporal Temperature Route ✅✅not sensitive to low grade fevers (will read
normal)
Pulse Grading ✅✅3+: heavy, rapid, bounding
2+: normal, even
1+: weak, thready
0+: no pulse
,Tachycardia ✅✅Pulse rate over 100 beats per minute
Bradycardia ✅✅pulse rate under 60 beats per minute
Tachypnea ✅✅respirations above 24 breaths per minute
Bradypnea ✅✅respirations below 10 breaths per minute
Apnea ✅✅absence of breathing
Dyspnea ✅✅difficult or labored breathing
Orthostatic Hypotension ✅✅Decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural
changes from lying to sitting or standing positions
- check BP of patient laying down, sitting, standing within 3 minutes
, Primary Hypertension ✅✅denotes high blood pressure from an unidentified cause; also
called essential hypertension
Secondary Hypertension ✅✅high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease,
has an identifiable cause
Radiating Pain ✅✅pain that spreads out from an area, starts in one place and spreads
Referred Pain ✅✅pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates, caused
by a different structure from where pain/injury/abnormality occurred
4 Steps of Pain ✅✅transduction, transmission, perception, modulation
Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) ✅✅95 to 100% for normal/healthy SpO2
92 or less is abnormal (except for COPD patients who tend to have around this percent)
Questions and Answers
Body Temperature ✅✅fever is a sign of infection if patient is responding to bacteria, is at
lowest when we sleep due to less bodily processes going on, and at highest around 6pm
Preferred Temperature Route in Pediatrics ✅✅axillary route
Afebrile ✅✅means without fever
Hypothermia ✅✅a body temperature below 95 degrees Fahrenheit, characterized by
cyanosis, loss of sensation, decreasing vitals, body shuts down
Hyperthermia ✅✅a body temperature above 104 degrees fahrenheit, HIGH risk of
seizures, characterized by increased vitals, sweating (Diaphoresis), confusion, derlirium,
extreme thirst, nausea, muscle cramps, dehydration, high mortality rate, when patient stops
sweating (VERY BAD)
,In What Population Is Temperature Most Difficult to Regulate? ✅✅people with brain or
spinal cord injuries
Rectal Temperature Risk ✅✅damage can occur to rectum, especially in infants and
quadriplegics (since they cannot feel it)
What Temperatures are Core Temperatures? ✅✅rectal and tympanic
Downside of Temporal Temperature Route ✅✅not sensitive to low grade fevers (will read
normal)
Pulse Grading ✅✅3+: heavy, rapid, bounding
2+: normal, even
1+: weak, thready
0+: no pulse
,Tachycardia ✅✅Pulse rate over 100 beats per minute
Bradycardia ✅✅pulse rate under 60 beats per minute
Tachypnea ✅✅respirations above 24 breaths per minute
Bradypnea ✅✅respirations below 10 breaths per minute
Apnea ✅✅absence of breathing
Dyspnea ✅✅difficult or labored breathing
Orthostatic Hypotension ✅✅Decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural
changes from lying to sitting or standing positions
- check BP of patient laying down, sitting, standing within 3 minutes
, Primary Hypertension ✅✅denotes high blood pressure from an unidentified cause; also
called essential hypertension
Secondary Hypertension ✅✅high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease,
has an identifiable cause
Radiating Pain ✅✅pain that spreads out from an area, starts in one place and spreads
Referred Pain ✅✅pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates, caused
by a different structure from where pain/injury/abnormality occurred
4 Steps of Pain ✅✅transduction, transmission, perception, modulation
Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) ✅✅95 to 100% for normal/healthy SpO2
92 or less is abnormal (except for COPD patients who tend to have around this percent)
