Question 1:
Which of the following is the most common side effect of ACE inhibitors?
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Hypoglycemia
c) Diarrhea
d) Hypokalemia
Answer: a) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors) can increase
potassium levels in the body by inhibiting aldosterone, which normally promotes
potassium excretion. Hyperkalemia is the most common side effect, and patients
on ACE inhibitors should be monitored for elevated potassium levels.
Question 2:
A patient is prescribed digoxin. Which of the following is the priority assessment
before administering this medication?
a) Blood pressure
b) Heart rate
c) Respiratory rate
d) Blood glucose level
Answer: b) Heart rate
Rationale: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that increases the force of cardiac
contraction and slows the heart rate. It is important to assess the heart rate
before administration, as digoxin can cause bradycardia. If the heart rate is below
60 bpm, the medication may need to be withheld.
Question 3:
Which of the following is a common side effect of beta-blockers?
a) Tachycardia
b) Weight loss
,c) Bradycardia
d) Insomnia
Answer: c) Bradycardia
Rationale: Beta-blockers work by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors, slowing the
heart rate and decreasing blood pressure. Bradycardia (a heart rate of less than 60
bpm) is a common side effect of these drugs. Monitoring of heart rate is
necessary.
Question 4:
Which medication is most appropriate for treating acute asthma exacerbation?
a) Montelukast
b) Prednisone
c) Albuterol
d) Ipratropium
Answer: c) Albuterol
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist that rapidly dilates the airways,
making it the first-line treatment for acute asthma exacerbations. It provides quick
relief of symptoms by relaxing the bronchial muscles.
Question 5:
A nurse is reviewing a prescription for a client taking warfarin. Which of the
following foods should the client avoid while on this medication?
a) Bananas
b) Leafy green vegetables
c) Dairy products
d) Citrus fruits
Answer: b) Leafy green vegetables
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting vitamin K-
dependent clotting factors. Leafy green vegetables (such as spinach, kale, and
, lettuce) are high in vitamin K and can reduce the effectiveness of warfarin, leading
to an increased risk of clotting.
Question 6:
Which of the following is a priority assessment for a patient receiving a loop
diuretic such as furosemide?
a) Serum calcium levels
b) Blood pressure
c) Oxygen saturation
d) Serum potassium levels
Answer: d) Serum potassium levels
Rationale: Loop diuretics like furosemide can cause significant potassium loss,
leading to hypokalemia. It is important to monitor serum potassium levels and
watch for symptoms of hypokalemia, such as muscle weakness or arrhythmias.
Question 7:
A patient has been prescribed lorazepam for anxiety. Which of the following
should the nurse include in the teaching plan for this medication?
a) "You can drink alcohol while taking this medication in moderation."
b) "Do not stop taking this medication abruptly."
c) "It is safe to drive while taking lorazepam."
d) "You should avoid taking this medication with any food."
Answer: b) "Do not stop taking this medication abruptly."
Rationale: Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine and can cause withdrawal symptoms if
stopped suddenly. Patients should be instructed to taper the dose gradually under
the supervision of their healthcare provider to avoid withdrawal effects.
Question 8:
Which of the following is the most common side effect of ACE inhibitors?
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Hypoglycemia
c) Diarrhea
d) Hypokalemia
Answer: a) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors) can increase
potassium levels in the body by inhibiting aldosterone, which normally promotes
potassium excretion. Hyperkalemia is the most common side effect, and patients
on ACE inhibitors should be monitored for elevated potassium levels.
Question 2:
A patient is prescribed digoxin. Which of the following is the priority assessment
before administering this medication?
a) Blood pressure
b) Heart rate
c) Respiratory rate
d) Blood glucose level
Answer: b) Heart rate
Rationale: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that increases the force of cardiac
contraction and slows the heart rate. It is important to assess the heart rate
before administration, as digoxin can cause bradycardia. If the heart rate is below
60 bpm, the medication may need to be withheld.
Question 3:
Which of the following is a common side effect of beta-blockers?
a) Tachycardia
b) Weight loss
,c) Bradycardia
d) Insomnia
Answer: c) Bradycardia
Rationale: Beta-blockers work by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors, slowing the
heart rate and decreasing blood pressure. Bradycardia (a heart rate of less than 60
bpm) is a common side effect of these drugs. Monitoring of heart rate is
necessary.
Question 4:
Which medication is most appropriate for treating acute asthma exacerbation?
a) Montelukast
b) Prednisone
c) Albuterol
d) Ipratropium
Answer: c) Albuterol
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist that rapidly dilates the airways,
making it the first-line treatment for acute asthma exacerbations. It provides quick
relief of symptoms by relaxing the bronchial muscles.
Question 5:
A nurse is reviewing a prescription for a client taking warfarin. Which of the
following foods should the client avoid while on this medication?
a) Bananas
b) Leafy green vegetables
c) Dairy products
d) Citrus fruits
Answer: b) Leafy green vegetables
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting vitamin K-
dependent clotting factors. Leafy green vegetables (such as spinach, kale, and
, lettuce) are high in vitamin K and can reduce the effectiveness of warfarin, leading
to an increased risk of clotting.
Question 6:
Which of the following is a priority assessment for a patient receiving a loop
diuretic such as furosemide?
a) Serum calcium levels
b) Blood pressure
c) Oxygen saturation
d) Serum potassium levels
Answer: d) Serum potassium levels
Rationale: Loop diuretics like furosemide can cause significant potassium loss,
leading to hypokalemia. It is important to monitor serum potassium levels and
watch for symptoms of hypokalemia, such as muscle weakness or arrhythmias.
Question 7:
A patient has been prescribed lorazepam for anxiety. Which of the following
should the nurse include in the teaching plan for this medication?
a) "You can drink alcohol while taking this medication in moderation."
b) "Do not stop taking this medication abruptly."
c) "It is safe to drive while taking lorazepam."
d) "You should avoid taking this medication with any food."
Answer: b) "Do not stop taking this medication abruptly."
Rationale: Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine and can cause withdrawal symptoms if
stopped suddenly. Patients should be instructed to taper the dose gradually under
the supervision of their healthcare provider to avoid withdrawal effects.
Question 8:
