Louisiana Post One
Exam with complete
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probable cause - answer more than bare suspicion. it exist when the facts and circumstances within the
officers knowledge and of which they had reasonable trustworthy information are sufficient in
themselves
reasonable suspicion - answer less demanding standard than probable cause not only in the same sense
that reasonable suspicion can be established with information that is different in quantity and content
that is required to establish probable cause. reasonable suspicion can arise from information that is less
reliable than that required to show probable cause.
Alabama V. White - answer established Reasonable Suspicion
Man of reasonable caution - answer the average man of the street, who under the same circumstances,
would believe that the person being arrested had committed the offense or that the items to be seized
would be found in a specific place
Illinois V. Gates - answer established Totality of circumstances ( the test that if a neutral and detached
magistrate determines that, based on informants information and all other available facts, there is
probable cause to believe that an arrest or search is justified.
probable cause - answer the level of certainty needed in order for a police officer to make an arrest
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
,2 Chapter 14: Voting and Apportionment
reasonable suspicion - answer the level of certainty needed in order for a police officer to conduct a
stop and frisk
Aguilar V. Texas - answer Established a two prong test for determining probable cause on the basis of
information obtained from an informant :
1. Reliability of the informant
2. Reliability of the informants information
Spinelli V. United States 1969 - answer established an officer may use credible hearsay to establish
probable cause, but an affidavit based on an informants tip must satisfy the two-pronged Aguilar Test
Illinois V. Gates - answer established that totality of the circumstance replaced "separate and
independent" as the standard of probable cause in the Aguilar test.
Draper V. U.S. 1959 - answer established that information from an informant plus corroboration
satisfied Probable Cause
New York Vs. Quarless - answer established the public safety doctrine and affirmed reasonable
suspicion for the detention of a person matching the description of a suspect located nearby the scene
of the crime within minutes of it
Hayes V. Florida - answer Reasonable suspicion alone does not permit the police to transport a suspect
to the police station to obtain fingerprints. Probable Cause or judicial authorization is required
Minnesota V. Dickerson - answer Established the "plain feel" doctrine that states that when police
officers conduct Terry-type searches for weapons, they are free to seize items detected through their
sense of touch, as long as the plain feel makes it "immediately apparent" that the item is contraband. If
an item seized through a search is not "immediately apparent," then it can be suppressed in court.
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Dual Sovereignty - answer the federal government and the states are separately sovereign. So, the
Federal government may prosecute offenders separately for crimes committed within their jurisdiction.
jurisdiction - answer the power of a court to try a case
venue - answer The geographic district in which a legal action is tried and from which the jury is
selected.
appellate review - answer review of the results of a trial by a higher court
appellate court - answer A court having jurisdiction to review cases and issues that were originally tried
in lower courts.
affirmation - answer where the reviewing court agrees with the result of the lower court's ruling
reversal - answer where the court disagrees with the results of the lower court's ruling
reverse and remand decision - answer where the reviewing court disagrees with the verdict and sends
the case back to the lower court for them to change their position
Direct Appeal - answer an automatic appeal given to anyone sentenced to death. the appeal is made to
the highest court in the state for review
Stare decisis - answer A Latin phrase meaning "to stand by decided cases" established that Judges are
obliged to respect the precedent established by prior decisions.
Judicial precedent - answer established that decisions of courts have value as precedent for future
similar cases
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exam with complete
verified solutions
probable cause - answer more than bare suspicion. it exist when the facts and circumstances within the
officers knowledge and of which they had reasonable trustworthy information are sufficient in
themselves
reasonable suspicion - answer less demanding standard than probable cause not only in the same sense
that reasonable suspicion can be established with information that is different in quantity and content
that is required to establish probable cause. reasonable suspicion can arise from information that is less
reliable than that required to show probable cause.
Alabama V. White - answer established Reasonable Suspicion
Man of reasonable caution - answer the average man of the street, who under the same circumstances,
would believe that the person being arrested had committed the offense or that the items to be seized
would be found in a specific place
Illinois V. Gates - answer established Totality of circumstances ( the test that if a neutral and detached
magistrate determines that, based on informants information and all other available facts, there is
probable cause to believe that an arrest or search is justified.
probable cause - answer the level of certainty needed in order for a police officer to make an arrest
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
,2 Chapter 14: Voting and Apportionment
reasonable suspicion - answer the level of certainty needed in order for a police officer to conduct a
stop and frisk
Aguilar V. Texas - answer Established a two prong test for determining probable cause on the basis of
information obtained from an informant :
1. Reliability of the informant
2. Reliability of the informants information
Spinelli V. United States 1969 - answer established an officer may use credible hearsay to establish
probable cause, but an affidavit based on an informants tip must satisfy the two-pronged Aguilar Test
Illinois V. Gates - answer established that totality of the circumstance replaced "separate and
independent" as the standard of probable cause in the Aguilar test.
Draper V. U.S. 1959 - answer established that information from an informant plus corroboration
satisfied Probable Cause
New York Vs. Quarless - answer established the public safety doctrine and affirmed reasonable
suspicion for the detention of a person matching the description of a suspect located nearby the scene
of the crime within minutes of it
Hayes V. Florida - answer Reasonable suspicion alone does not permit the police to transport a suspect
to the police station to obtain fingerprints. Probable Cause or judicial authorization is required
Minnesota V. Dickerson - answer Established the "plain feel" doctrine that states that when police
officers conduct Terry-type searches for weapons, they are free to seize items detected through their
sense of touch, as long as the plain feel makes it "immediately apparent" that the item is contraband. If
an item seized through a search is not "immediately apparent," then it can be suppressed in court.
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Dual Sovereignty - answer the federal government and the states are separately sovereign. So, the
Federal government may prosecute offenders separately for crimes committed within their jurisdiction.
jurisdiction - answer the power of a court to try a case
venue - answer The geographic district in which a legal action is tried and from which the jury is
selected.
appellate review - answer review of the results of a trial by a higher court
appellate court - answer A court having jurisdiction to review cases and issues that were originally tried
in lower courts.
affirmation - answer where the reviewing court agrees with the result of the lower court's ruling
reversal - answer where the court disagrees with the results of the lower court's ruling
reverse and remand decision - answer where the reviewing court disagrees with the verdict and sends
the case back to the lower court for them to change their position
Direct Appeal - answer an automatic appeal given to anyone sentenced to death. the appeal is made to
the highest court in the state for review
Stare decisis - answer A Latin phrase meaning "to stand by decided cases" established that Judges are
obliged to respect the precedent established by prior decisions.
Judicial precedent - answer established that decisions of courts have value as precedent for future
similar cases
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
