IBAM 3-68-10 Module 3 Questions &
Answers 100% Solved!
5 Factors Affecting Exposure - (1) Physical condition - ANSWERSPoor __________ or
illness will prevent tolerance temperature extremes.
5 Factors Affecting Exposure - (2) Age - ANSWERSPeople in extremes of ____ (too
young or too old) will not be able to tolerate temperature changes well. Infants cannot
shiver.
5 Factors Affecting Exposure - (3) Nutrition & (4) Hydration - ANSWERSa decrease in
either will aggravate hot or cold stress.
5 Factors Affecting Exposure - (5) Environmental conditions - ANSWERSweather will
have a large impact on your patient's condition. Evaluate the scene for clues to help
with treatment in temperature extremes.
Habits that can affect regulation of temperature - ANSWERS(a) alcohol
(b) smoking
(c) use of sedatives, tranquilizers, anti-depressants, cardiovascular drugs (major factors
for hypothermia in seniors)
(d) sedentary lifestyle (deskbound) spending too much time seated, little exercise
Hypothermia - ANSWERSA core temperature of <35C (<95F). May even develop
indoors during summer. In the U.S. an average of 700 people dies of that, each year.
Hall of those who die of that are >65 years of age.
Five ways body can loss heat - (1) Conduction - ANSWERSis the transfer of heat by
direct contact down a temperature gradient, such as from a warm body to the cold
environment.
Five ways body can loss heat - (2) Convection - ANSWERSis the transfer of heat by the
actual movement of heated material, such as the wind's disrupting the layer of warm air
surrounding the body.
Five ways body can loss heat - (3) Evaporation - ANSWERSConversion of any liquid to
a gas, sweating and a natural cooling effect.
Five ways body can loss heat - (4) Radiation - ANSWERSHeat also may be lost by
_______ to the environment, primarily from non-insulated body areas.
, Five ways body can loss heat - (5) Respiration - ANSWERSEvaporation of the water
contained in exhaled, water-saturated air occurs over a wide range of ambient
temperatures and may be prevented by inhalation of warmed, humidified air.
Heat loss or gain in the body can be modified in many ways - ANSWERS(a) Increase or
decrease in heat production.
(b) Shivering or increase in movement if cold
(c) Decrease and limit movement when hot
(d) Move to an area where heat loss can be decreased or increased
(e) Seek shelter from the wind in cold environments
(f) Covering the head can minimize heat loss by 70%
(g) Seek shade in a hot environment to cool a patient down
(h) Wear insulated clothing, which helps decrease heat loss in multiple ways
(i) Layers of clothing that trap air provide good insulation
(j) Also traps perspiration and prevents evaporation
(k) Loosen or remove clothing to cool down
Hypothermia /Physiology - ANSWERS(a) To protect against heat loss, the body
constricts blood vessels in the skin, resulting in blue lips and/or fingertips
(b) Secondarily, the body shivers to generate heat
(c) As these mechanisms are overwhelmed, body functions begin to slow down
(d) Eventually, key organs such as the heart begin to slow down which can lead to
death
Frostbite and Immersion foot - ANSWERS(a) The skin may be freezing while deeper
tissues are unaffected.
(b) Usually not painful; patient often is unaware that cold injury has occurred.
(c) Immersion foot, also called trench foot, occurs after prolonged exposure to cold
water, such as when hikers or hunters stand in a river or lake.
Frostbite and immersion foot (Emergency treatment) - Passive Rewarming -
ANSWERSCovering a hypothermia patient and taking other steps to prevent further
heat loss and help the body rewarm itself.
Frostbite and immersion foot (Emergency treatment) - Active rewarming -
ANSWERSApplication of external heat source to rewarm the body.
Frostbite - ANSWERS(a) Most serious local cold injury; tissues are frozen
(b) Freezing permanently damages cells
(c) Exact mechanism is not known
(d) Ice crystals within the cells may cause physical damage
(e) Change in the water content in the cells may also cause changes in the
concentration of critical electrolytes.
Gangrene - ANSWERSpermanent damage or cell death.
Answers 100% Solved!
5 Factors Affecting Exposure - (1) Physical condition - ANSWERSPoor __________ or
illness will prevent tolerance temperature extremes.
5 Factors Affecting Exposure - (2) Age - ANSWERSPeople in extremes of ____ (too
young or too old) will not be able to tolerate temperature changes well. Infants cannot
shiver.
5 Factors Affecting Exposure - (3) Nutrition & (4) Hydration - ANSWERSa decrease in
either will aggravate hot or cold stress.
5 Factors Affecting Exposure - (5) Environmental conditions - ANSWERSweather will
have a large impact on your patient's condition. Evaluate the scene for clues to help
with treatment in temperature extremes.
Habits that can affect regulation of temperature - ANSWERS(a) alcohol
(b) smoking
(c) use of sedatives, tranquilizers, anti-depressants, cardiovascular drugs (major factors
for hypothermia in seniors)
(d) sedentary lifestyle (deskbound) spending too much time seated, little exercise
Hypothermia - ANSWERSA core temperature of <35C (<95F). May even develop
indoors during summer. In the U.S. an average of 700 people dies of that, each year.
Hall of those who die of that are >65 years of age.
Five ways body can loss heat - (1) Conduction - ANSWERSis the transfer of heat by
direct contact down a temperature gradient, such as from a warm body to the cold
environment.
Five ways body can loss heat - (2) Convection - ANSWERSis the transfer of heat by the
actual movement of heated material, such as the wind's disrupting the layer of warm air
surrounding the body.
Five ways body can loss heat - (3) Evaporation - ANSWERSConversion of any liquid to
a gas, sweating and a natural cooling effect.
Five ways body can loss heat - (4) Radiation - ANSWERSHeat also may be lost by
_______ to the environment, primarily from non-insulated body areas.
, Five ways body can loss heat - (5) Respiration - ANSWERSEvaporation of the water
contained in exhaled, water-saturated air occurs over a wide range of ambient
temperatures and may be prevented by inhalation of warmed, humidified air.
Heat loss or gain in the body can be modified in many ways - ANSWERS(a) Increase or
decrease in heat production.
(b) Shivering or increase in movement if cold
(c) Decrease and limit movement when hot
(d) Move to an area where heat loss can be decreased or increased
(e) Seek shelter from the wind in cold environments
(f) Covering the head can minimize heat loss by 70%
(g) Seek shade in a hot environment to cool a patient down
(h) Wear insulated clothing, which helps decrease heat loss in multiple ways
(i) Layers of clothing that trap air provide good insulation
(j) Also traps perspiration and prevents evaporation
(k) Loosen or remove clothing to cool down
Hypothermia /Physiology - ANSWERS(a) To protect against heat loss, the body
constricts blood vessels in the skin, resulting in blue lips and/or fingertips
(b) Secondarily, the body shivers to generate heat
(c) As these mechanisms are overwhelmed, body functions begin to slow down
(d) Eventually, key organs such as the heart begin to slow down which can lead to
death
Frostbite and Immersion foot - ANSWERS(a) The skin may be freezing while deeper
tissues are unaffected.
(b) Usually not painful; patient often is unaware that cold injury has occurred.
(c) Immersion foot, also called trench foot, occurs after prolonged exposure to cold
water, such as when hikers or hunters stand in a river or lake.
Frostbite and immersion foot (Emergency treatment) - Passive Rewarming -
ANSWERSCovering a hypothermia patient and taking other steps to prevent further
heat loss and help the body rewarm itself.
Frostbite and immersion foot (Emergency treatment) - Active rewarming -
ANSWERSApplication of external heat source to rewarm the body.
Frostbite - ANSWERS(a) Most serious local cold injury; tissues are frozen
(b) Freezing permanently damages cells
(c) Exact mechanism is not known
(d) Ice crystals within the cells may cause physical damage
(e) Change in the water content in the cells may also cause changes in the
concentration of critical electrolytes.
Gangrene - ANSWERSpermanent damage or cell death.
