Final Exam Psych 242/CogSci 209/Ling 209
UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Mind-body problem - CORRECT ANSWER - - cannot fully explain how the brain
(physical) and the mind (immaterial) connect
- no different than how more "traditional" scientific disciplines developed
Natural object - CORRECT ANSWER - - Language is part of the natural world.
- Objects in the natural world must be studied via scientific methodology.
- Hence, Language should be studied using scientific methodology.
I-Language - CORRECT ANSWER - a cognitive system that is internal to the human mind
Methodological dualism - CORRECT ANSWER - REJECT
- Necessary to utilize a different methodology than those to study external events
REJECT
- by rejecting, we continue use of scientific method to study linguistics
What Language is NOT - CORRECT ANSWER - - a form of communication or
expression
- thought
- a repository of culture
- an orthography (writing system)
Language is a part of the human (mind/brain) - CORRECT ANSWER - mind
E-Language - CORRECT ANSWER - any outward expression of I-Language
,- ex. speech, signs, writing
Four Defining Properties of Language - CORRECT ANSWER - - Meaningful
- Infinitely Generative
- Rule-Governed
- Spontaneously acquired
Meaningful - CORRECT ANSWER - - Convert thought into linguistic object
- Linguistic object retains meaning when recalled
Form-Meaning Pair (Sound-Meaning Pair) - CORRECT ANSWER - form - object's
"shape" (phonology)
meaning - object's interpretation or function (semantics)
Infinitely Generative - CORRECT ANSWER - - no limit to sentences that can be produced
in a Language
- recursion
Recursion - CORRECT ANSWER - - part of computational part of Language
- sentences are infinite
EXAMPLE
- Brenda saw Keisha
- Marks thinks that Brenda saw Keisha
- Kim asked whether Mark thinks that Brenda saw Keisha
Rule-governed - CORRECT ANSWER - - Language is systematic cognitive system
- rules are computational in essence
- rules are unconscious knowledge
, Reduplication - CORRECT ANSWER - - a syllable structure phonological process that
involves the repetition of a syllable of a word
- changes meaning of the word
Grammatical - CORRECT ANSWER - Conforms to rules of an individual's I-Language
Ungrammatical - CORRECT ANSWER - Violates rules of an individual's I-Language
Spontaneously acquired by infants of the species - CORRECT ANSWER - - All humans
born with genetic endowment to acquire a complete language system
- process is rapid, unconscious, and effortless
- Humans learn their first language because they are humans
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - the idea that different languages create
different ways of thinking
REJECTED
Idiolect - CORRECT ANSWER - individual grammar
Dialect - CORRECT ANSWER - a group of speakers who speak the same language, and
have more commonalities in that variety than other speakers of the language.
language - CORRECT ANSWER - a variety of Language that is used by a collection of
speakers/signers (e.g., Warlpiri, Danish, Nicaraguan Sign Language, Japanese...)
mutual intelligibility - CORRECT ANSWER - - The ability of two people to understand
each other when speaking
- shared by speakers/signers of a language
UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Mind-body problem - CORRECT ANSWER - - cannot fully explain how the brain
(physical) and the mind (immaterial) connect
- no different than how more "traditional" scientific disciplines developed
Natural object - CORRECT ANSWER - - Language is part of the natural world.
- Objects in the natural world must be studied via scientific methodology.
- Hence, Language should be studied using scientific methodology.
I-Language - CORRECT ANSWER - a cognitive system that is internal to the human mind
Methodological dualism - CORRECT ANSWER - REJECT
- Necessary to utilize a different methodology than those to study external events
REJECT
- by rejecting, we continue use of scientific method to study linguistics
What Language is NOT - CORRECT ANSWER - - a form of communication or
expression
- thought
- a repository of culture
- an orthography (writing system)
Language is a part of the human (mind/brain) - CORRECT ANSWER - mind
E-Language - CORRECT ANSWER - any outward expression of I-Language
,- ex. speech, signs, writing
Four Defining Properties of Language - CORRECT ANSWER - - Meaningful
- Infinitely Generative
- Rule-Governed
- Spontaneously acquired
Meaningful - CORRECT ANSWER - - Convert thought into linguistic object
- Linguistic object retains meaning when recalled
Form-Meaning Pair (Sound-Meaning Pair) - CORRECT ANSWER - form - object's
"shape" (phonology)
meaning - object's interpretation or function (semantics)
Infinitely Generative - CORRECT ANSWER - - no limit to sentences that can be produced
in a Language
- recursion
Recursion - CORRECT ANSWER - - part of computational part of Language
- sentences are infinite
EXAMPLE
- Brenda saw Keisha
- Marks thinks that Brenda saw Keisha
- Kim asked whether Mark thinks that Brenda saw Keisha
Rule-governed - CORRECT ANSWER - - Language is systematic cognitive system
- rules are computational in essence
- rules are unconscious knowledge
, Reduplication - CORRECT ANSWER - - a syllable structure phonological process that
involves the repetition of a syllable of a word
- changes meaning of the word
Grammatical - CORRECT ANSWER - Conforms to rules of an individual's I-Language
Ungrammatical - CORRECT ANSWER - Violates rules of an individual's I-Language
Spontaneously acquired by infants of the species - CORRECT ANSWER - - All humans
born with genetic endowment to acquire a complete language system
- process is rapid, unconscious, and effortless
- Humans learn their first language because they are humans
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - the idea that different languages create
different ways of thinking
REJECTED
Idiolect - CORRECT ANSWER - individual grammar
Dialect - CORRECT ANSWER - a group of speakers who speak the same language, and
have more commonalities in that variety than other speakers of the language.
language - CORRECT ANSWER - a variety of Language that is used by a collection of
speakers/signers (e.g., Warlpiri, Danish, Nicaraguan Sign Language, Japanese...)
mutual intelligibility - CORRECT ANSWER - - The ability of two people to understand
each other when speaking
- shared by speakers/signers of a language
