WGU D027 COURSE MATERIAL EXAM | 200+ ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS | WGU D027 COMPLETE SOLUTION | A”GUIDE| NEW VERSION!!!

1. Which of the following is not a cellular function?: Combustion -
All living cells must absorb and metabolize sources of energy, excrete waste and
by-products of those processes, and reproduce to continue offspring. Pyrotechnic
processes (i.e. combustion) are generally metaphorical.
2. What are mitochondria responsible for?: Energy production -
Mitochondria are the energy production organelles of the cell responsible for the
major metabolic processes of creating units of energy (e.g., ATP).
3. Which if the following can cause edema?: Increased lymphatic pressure -
Decreased vascular and lymphatic pressure does not generally result in the move-
ment and accumulation of fluid into extravascular spaces. Increased plasma pres-
sure in the vascular results in hypertension, while increased lymphatic pressure will
readily result in the pooling of lymphatic drainage into third spaces (i.e. edema).
4. Which of the following best describes the result of cellular reproduction?: -
Two diploid cells, called daughter cells, are produced -
The resultant offspring of cellular reproduction is the creation of two daughter cells
after the completion of mitosis or meiosis. Interphase is the longest period that a
cell spends its life cycle and is the preparatory stage before cellular reproduction.
Anaphase is the separation of genetic materials to the opposing centromeres of the
cell, followed by telophase.
5. What indicates hypokalemia?: Serum K decreases to less than 3.5 -
Normal serum potassium (K), also known as eukalemia, is generally 3.5-5.5 mEq/L,
with some variations of +/- 0.1-0.3 mEq/L depending on the laboratory testing, age,
and other potential patient-specific conditions and variations. Alterations in fluid
volume or the administration of a supplement alone do not necessarily contribute
to the development of hypokalemia.
6. What is an example of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy?: Uterine enlarge-
ment due to pregnancy -
Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells of an organ or tissue, while
hypertrophy is the enlargement of the cells of a given organ or tissue without a
change in the number of cells. Muscle cells grow and enlarge (hypertrophy) in
response to increased work or stress from exercise or increased cardiovascular
pressures. When a liver is damaged or part of it is removed, it is the one internal


,solid organ capable of regeneration to repair itself creating more cells (hyperplasia).
During pregnancy, the uterus must both grow to create more cells and enlarge those
existing cells in preparation for the support of a fetus.
7. What regulates the sodium balance?: Aldosterone -
Aldosterone is a regulatory hormone produced by the adrenal glands to affect the
kidneys' regulation of sodium, potassium, and water excretion.






,8. What is the alteration if the extracellular fluid volume is less than normal?-
: Hypotonic -
In hypotonic states, the cell size is increased as a result of water moving from the
extracellular fluid (ECF) into the cell to increase intracellular fluid. Iso- or normotonic
states are a balanced state between intra- and extracellular fluid volumes. Hyper-
tonic states cause water to shift out of the cell to increase the ECF above normal.
9. When in excess, what do buffers absorb?: Hydrogen -
Excesses of acid or base, H+ or hydroxyl ion (OH ), are absorbed for the purpose
maintaining pH homeostasis (pH of 7.38-7.42)
10. Which of the following would a patient with metabolic acidosis have?: pH
below 7.35; Bicarbonate level below 22 mEq/L -
The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis requires that the testing of arterial blood finds
that the pH is less than 7.35 and the bicarbonate level is less than 22 mEq/L.
11. What is the process by which RNA directs the synthesis of polypeptides?-
: Translation -
Translation refers to this process. Transcription is another process in which RNA is
synthesized. Mutation means genetic material has been modified through inheri-
tance. Creation is a term that does not apply in this context.
12. What is the recurrence rate for autosomal dominant disease?: 50% -
For a couple in which one or both partners are affected by the disease, the chance
of each child being heterozygous affected is 50%.
13. Which of the following statements is true about autosomal recessive dis-
ease?: It affects both men and women equally -
A criterion for recognizing the inheritance of an autosomal recessive disease is that
men and women will be affected by it in equal measure.
14. What is the proportion of the population affected by a disease at the
specific point in time?: Prevalence rate -
Incidence rate refers to how many new cases there are of a disease within a period
of time divided by the number of the population's individuals. The prevalence rate is
affected by the incidence rate and how long the affected patients survive. Risk factor
is anything that could lead to disease. Relative risk is the measure of a risk factor
effect.
15. Which of the following should be completed when a disease is multifacto-
rial but has a larger genetic component?: Get a thorough family history -
Environment and lifestyle choices may influence a disease, but diseases such as
breast cancer are hereditary, so the family history should be reviewed.
16. Which action is the purpose of the inflammatory process?: To destroy
foreign, invasive microorganisms -
The general purpose of inflammation is to initiate the destruction of foreign or


, invasive organisms. As a secondary effect, it increases the healing and immune
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Vresponse processes of the body. V V V V


17. What causes edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?: In-
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Vcreased vascular permeability - V V V


Increased pressure in the vasculature secondary to the vasodilatory effects of
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Vinflammation will result in the leakage of fluid into third spaces (i.e., edema).
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Previousquestion
18. In what structure do B lymphocytes mature and become B cells?: Bone
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Vmarrow - V


The bone marrow is where immature immune cells, such as B and T lymphocytes,
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Vreside to mature into B cells. After this maturation process, these cells migrate to
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Vother organ sites such as the thyroid, spleen, and thymus to enter their final
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Vstages of differentiation and development.
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19. Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred from
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Vdonor to recipient?: Passive acquired immunity -
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Active immune processes are the self-originating processes of the immune system
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Vthat occur from (acquired) or without (innate) prior exogenous simulation or expo-
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Vsure to foreign antigens. Passive immunity is stabilized. Existing immune responses
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Vthat are present with or without simulation can arise or be created from oneself
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V(innate) or acquired from an outside source (e.g. donor antibodies).
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20. What does T-cell activity cause in older adults?: Increased susceptibility for
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Vinfection - V


As the human body ages, the immune system's effectiveness to coordinate respons-
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Ves to pathogens and other foreign antigens wanes and the risk for disease increases.
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21. What is a dermatitis caused by prolonged exposure to chemicals such as
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Vacids or soaps also known as?: Irritant contact dermatitis -
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Prolonged, superficial skin exposure to foreign irritants (e.g., acids or soaps) is a
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Vmanifestation of an innate, local inflammatory response. The conditions of allergic
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Vstasis, and atopic dermatitis involve more systemic processes of the immune system
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Vand vasculature. V


22. Which of the following is a self-limiting disease associated with Herpes
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Vtype viruses and a herald patch?: Pityriasis rosea -
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Lichen planus, acne vulgaris, and erythema multiforme are conditions generally
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Vassociated with or caused by autoimmune dysregulation, bacteria, and varieties o
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Vforeign antigen (medications, virus, etc.). Pityriasis rosea in particular is associated
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Vwith and triggered by Herpes viruses, manifesting itself as a herald patch.
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23. What is a furuncle?: An infection of the hair follicle that extends to the surround-
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Ving tissue - V V


Abscess, dermis, and fungal infections are generally more widespread or larger
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