PHR 912 Block 4 Exam Study Set
The most abundant component of chylomicrons is which of the following?
A. apoB-48
B. Triglyceride
C. Phospholipid
D. Cholesterol
E. Cholesterol ester - ANSWER B. Triglyceride
The conversion of nascent chylomicrons to mature chylomicrons requires which of the
following?
A. Bile salts
B. 2-Monoacylglycerol
C. Lipoprotein lipase
D. High-density lipoprotein
E. Lymphatic system - ANSWER D. High-density lipoprotein
The apoproteins B-48 and B-100 are similar with respectto which of the following?
A. They are synthesized from the same gene.
B. They are derived by alternative spicing of the samehnRNA.
C. apoB-48 is a proteolytic product of apoB-100.
D. Both are found in mature chylomicrons.
E. Both are found in very low-density lipoproteins - ANSWER A. They are synthesized
from the same gene.
Bile salts must reach a particular concentration within the intestinal lumen before they
are effective agents for lipid digestion. This is because of which of the following?
A. The bile salt concentration must be equal to the triglyceride concentration.
B. The bile salt solubility in the lumen is a critical factor.
C. The ability of bile salts to bind lipase is concentration dependent.
,D. The bile salts cannot be reabsorbed in the ileum until they reach a certain
concentration.
E. The bile salts do not activate lipase until they reach a particular concentration -
ANSWER B. The bile salt solubility in the lumen is a critical factor.
Type III hyperlipidemia is caused by a deficiency of apoprotein E. Analysis of the serum
of patients with this disorder would exhibit which of the following?
A. An absence of chylomicrons after eating
B. Higher than normal levels of VLDL after eating
C. Normal triglyceride levels
D. Elevated triglyceride levels
E. Lower than normal triglyceride levels - ANSWER D. Elevated triglyceride levels
which is not a function of lipids
a. energy storage
b. membrane structure
c. substrate for gluconeogenesis
d. support digestion
e. aid in transport into mitochondrial matrix - ANSWER e. aid in transport into
mitochondrial matrix
the shown fatty acid is all below except for which two? (the molecules has a -COOH at
the end and has 5 double bonds)
a. A PUFA
b. an omega 3-fatty acid
c. a 22:5 fatty acid
d. docosapentaenoic acid
e. a fatty acid found in MCT oils - ANSWER b. an omega 3-fatty acid
e. a fatty acid found in MCT oils
In humans, prostaglandins are derived primarily from which of the following?
A. Glucose
B. Acetyl-CoA
,C. Arachidonic acid
D. Oleic acid
E. Leukotrienes - ANSWER C. Arachidonic acid
Aspirin will inhibit which of the following reaction pathways?
A. Arachidonic acid → thromboxanes
B. Arachidonic acid → leukotrienes
C. Arachidonic acid → phospholipids
D. Linoleic acid → arachidonic acid
E. Acetyl-CoA → linoleic acid - ANSWER A. Arachidonic acid → thromboxanes
Which of the following drugs lead to the covalent modification and inactivation of both
the COX-1 and COX-2enzymes?
A. Aspirin
B. Tylenol
C. Celebrex
D. Vioxx
E. Advil - ANSWER A. Aspirin
Thromboxane A2, which is found in high levels in plate-lets, aids in wound repair
through induction of which of the following activities?
A. Inhibits COX-2 gene expression
B. Inhibits COX-1 gene expression
C. Vasoconstriction
D. Vasodilation
E. Bronchodilation - ANSWER C. Vasoconstriction
Certain prostaglandins, when binding to their receptor induce an increase in
intracellular calcium levels. The signal that leads to the elevation of intracellular calcium
is initiated by which of the following enzymes?
A. Protein kinase A
B. Phospholipase C
C. Phospholipase A2
, D. Protein kinase C
E. Cyclo-oxygenase - ANSWER B. Phospholipase C
what's the most abundent component of chylomicrons - ANSWER tricylglycerides
fat typically accounts for how much of the human diet - ANSWER 30-35%
bile salts are recycled by the liver from what - ANSWER the ileum
Bile salts are primarily recycled by the liver from the ileum
too many triglycerides in the blood could be due to - ANSWER too many triglycerides
intaken
T/F chylomicrons primarily transport dietary lipids while VLDL transport endogenously
synthesized lipids - ANSWER T
anti-obesity drugs - ANSWER semaglutide (Wegovy and Ozempic)
tirzepatide (Zepbound and Mounjaro)
brown adipose (thermogenin)
uncouplers
what happens in Tuberculosis - ANSWER large fatty acids play a role in encapsulating
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
lipids - ANSWER family of biomolecules that are soluble in organic solvents but not in
water
types of lipids - ANSWER esters of fatty acids (triacylglycerols and phospholipids)
steroids (cholesterol)
special lipids
esters of fatty acids can be broken down into the - ANSWER fatty acids and an alcohol
steroids consist of ______ fused carbon rings - ANSWER four
*three six membered and one five membered
functions of lipids - ANSWER -store energy (triglycerides)
-major component of cell membranes (phospholipids)
-serve as chemical messengers (hormones)
-help digestion (bile acids)
-anchor proteins to membranes (lipoprotein receptors)
The most abundant component of chylomicrons is which of the following?
A. apoB-48
B. Triglyceride
C. Phospholipid
D. Cholesterol
E. Cholesterol ester - ANSWER B. Triglyceride
The conversion of nascent chylomicrons to mature chylomicrons requires which of the
following?
A. Bile salts
B. 2-Monoacylglycerol
C. Lipoprotein lipase
D. High-density lipoprotein
E. Lymphatic system - ANSWER D. High-density lipoprotein
The apoproteins B-48 and B-100 are similar with respectto which of the following?
A. They are synthesized from the same gene.
B. They are derived by alternative spicing of the samehnRNA.
C. apoB-48 is a proteolytic product of apoB-100.
D. Both are found in mature chylomicrons.
E. Both are found in very low-density lipoproteins - ANSWER A. They are synthesized
from the same gene.
Bile salts must reach a particular concentration within the intestinal lumen before they
are effective agents for lipid digestion. This is because of which of the following?
A. The bile salt concentration must be equal to the triglyceride concentration.
B. The bile salt solubility in the lumen is a critical factor.
C. The ability of bile salts to bind lipase is concentration dependent.
,D. The bile salts cannot be reabsorbed in the ileum until they reach a certain
concentration.
E. The bile salts do not activate lipase until they reach a particular concentration -
ANSWER B. The bile salt solubility in the lumen is a critical factor.
Type III hyperlipidemia is caused by a deficiency of apoprotein E. Analysis of the serum
of patients with this disorder would exhibit which of the following?
A. An absence of chylomicrons after eating
B. Higher than normal levels of VLDL after eating
C. Normal triglyceride levels
D. Elevated triglyceride levels
E. Lower than normal triglyceride levels - ANSWER D. Elevated triglyceride levels
which is not a function of lipids
a. energy storage
b. membrane structure
c. substrate for gluconeogenesis
d. support digestion
e. aid in transport into mitochondrial matrix - ANSWER e. aid in transport into
mitochondrial matrix
the shown fatty acid is all below except for which two? (the molecules has a -COOH at
the end and has 5 double bonds)
a. A PUFA
b. an omega 3-fatty acid
c. a 22:5 fatty acid
d. docosapentaenoic acid
e. a fatty acid found in MCT oils - ANSWER b. an omega 3-fatty acid
e. a fatty acid found in MCT oils
In humans, prostaglandins are derived primarily from which of the following?
A. Glucose
B. Acetyl-CoA
,C. Arachidonic acid
D. Oleic acid
E. Leukotrienes - ANSWER C. Arachidonic acid
Aspirin will inhibit which of the following reaction pathways?
A. Arachidonic acid → thromboxanes
B. Arachidonic acid → leukotrienes
C. Arachidonic acid → phospholipids
D. Linoleic acid → arachidonic acid
E. Acetyl-CoA → linoleic acid - ANSWER A. Arachidonic acid → thromboxanes
Which of the following drugs lead to the covalent modification and inactivation of both
the COX-1 and COX-2enzymes?
A. Aspirin
B. Tylenol
C. Celebrex
D. Vioxx
E. Advil - ANSWER A. Aspirin
Thromboxane A2, which is found in high levels in plate-lets, aids in wound repair
through induction of which of the following activities?
A. Inhibits COX-2 gene expression
B. Inhibits COX-1 gene expression
C. Vasoconstriction
D. Vasodilation
E. Bronchodilation - ANSWER C. Vasoconstriction
Certain prostaglandins, when binding to their receptor induce an increase in
intracellular calcium levels. The signal that leads to the elevation of intracellular calcium
is initiated by which of the following enzymes?
A. Protein kinase A
B. Phospholipase C
C. Phospholipase A2
, D. Protein kinase C
E. Cyclo-oxygenase - ANSWER B. Phospholipase C
what's the most abundent component of chylomicrons - ANSWER tricylglycerides
fat typically accounts for how much of the human diet - ANSWER 30-35%
bile salts are recycled by the liver from what - ANSWER the ileum
Bile salts are primarily recycled by the liver from the ileum
too many triglycerides in the blood could be due to - ANSWER too many triglycerides
intaken
T/F chylomicrons primarily transport dietary lipids while VLDL transport endogenously
synthesized lipids - ANSWER T
anti-obesity drugs - ANSWER semaglutide (Wegovy and Ozempic)
tirzepatide (Zepbound and Mounjaro)
brown adipose (thermogenin)
uncouplers
what happens in Tuberculosis - ANSWER large fatty acids play a role in encapsulating
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
lipids - ANSWER family of biomolecules that are soluble in organic solvents but not in
water
types of lipids - ANSWER esters of fatty acids (triacylglycerols and phospholipids)
steroids (cholesterol)
special lipids
esters of fatty acids can be broken down into the - ANSWER fatty acids and an alcohol
steroids consist of ______ fused carbon rings - ANSWER four
*three six membered and one five membered
functions of lipids - ANSWER -store energy (triglycerides)
-major component of cell membranes (phospholipids)
-serve as chemical messengers (hormones)
-help digestion (bile acids)
-anchor proteins to membranes (lipoprotein receptors)
