Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications
question and answers
2 1/2-D sketch - correct answersMarr's proposal for a visual representation that identifies where
surfaces are located in space relative to the view.
3-D model - correct answersMarr's proposal for an object-centered representation of a visual scene.
abstraction theory - correct answersA theory holding that concepts are represented as abstract
descriptions of their central tendencies. Contrast with instance theory.
Adaptive Control of Thought - correct answersAnderson's theory of how declarative knowledge and
procedural knowledge interact in complex cognitive processes.
Adaptive Control of Thought - correct answersACT
action potential - correct answersThe sudden change in electrical potential that travels down the
axon of a neuron.
activation - correct answersA state of memory traces that determines both the speed and
probability of access to a memory trace.
affirmation of the consequent - correct answersThe logical fallacy that one can reason from
affirmation of the consequent of a conditional statement to the affirmation of its antecedent: If A,
then B and B is true together can be thought (falsely) to imply A is true.
artificial intelligence - correct answersAI
,allocentric representation - correct answersA representation of the environment according to a
fixed coordinate system.
amnesia - correct answersA memory deficit due to brain damage.
amodal hypothesis - correct answersThe proposal that meaning is not represented in a particular
modality.
amodal symbol system - correct answersThe proposal that information is represented by symbols
that are not associated with a particular modality.
analogy - correct answersThe process by which a problem solver maps the solution for one
problem into a solution for another problem.
antecedent - correct answersThe condition of a conditional statement; that is, the A in If A, then B.
anterior cingulate cortex - correct answers(ACC) Medial potion of the prefrontal cortex important
in control and dealing with conflict.
anterograde amnesia - correct answersLoss of the ability to learn new things after an injury.
aphasia - correct answersAn impairment of speech that results from a brain injury.
apperceptive agnosia - correct answersA form of visual agnosia marked by inability to recognize
simple shapes such as circles and triangles.
arguments - correct answersAn element of a propositional representation that corresponds to a
time, place, person, or object.
, articulatory loop - correct answersBaddeley's proposed system for rehearsing verbal information.
artificial intelligence - correct answersA field of computer science that attempts to develop
programs that will enable machines to display intelligent behavior.
associative agnosia - correct answersA form of visual agnosia marked by the inability to recognize
complex objects such as an anchor, even though the patient can recognize simple shapes and can
copy drawings of complex objects.
associative spreading - correct answersFacilitation in access to information when closely related
items are presented.
associative stage - correct answersThe second of Fitts's stages of skill acquisition, in which the
declarative representation of a skill is converted into a procedural representation.
atmosphere hypothesis - correct answersThe proposal by Woodworth and Sells that, when faced
with a categorical syllogism, people tend to accept conclusions having the same quantifiers as those
of the premises.
attention - correct answersThe allocation of cognitive resources among ongoing processes.
attenuation theory - correct answersTreisman's theory of attention, which proposes that we
weaken some incoming sensory signals on the basis of their physical characteristics.
attribute identification - correct answersThe problem of determining what attributes are relevant
to the formation of a hypothesis. See also rule learning.
auditory sensory store - correct answersA memory system that effectively holds all the information
heard for a brief period of time. Also called echoic memory.
question and answers
2 1/2-D sketch - correct answersMarr's proposal for a visual representation that identifies where
surfaces are located in space relative to the view.
3-D model - correct answersMarr's proposal for an object-centered representation of a visual scene.
abstraction theory - correct answersA theory holding that concepts are represented as abstract
descriptions of their central tendencies. Contrast with instance theory.
Adaptive Control of Thought - correct answersAnderson's theory of how declarative knowledge and
procedural knowledge interact in complex cognitive processes.
Adaptive Control of Thought - correct answersACT
action potential - correct answersThe sudden change in electrical potential that travels down the
axon of a neuron.
activation - correct answersA state of memory traces that determines both the speed and
probability of access to a memory trace.
affirmation of the consequent - correct answersThe logical fallacy that one can reason from
affirmation of the consequent of a conditional statement to the affirmation of its antecedent: If A,
then B and B is true together can be thought (falsely) to imply A is true.
artificial intelligence - correct answersAI
,allocentric representation - correct answersA representation of the environment according to a
fixed coordinate system.
amnesia - correct answersA memory deficit due to brain damage.
amodal hypothesis - correct answersThe proposal that meaning is not represented in a particular
modality.
amodal symbol system - correct answersThe proposal that information is represented by symbols
that are not associated with a particular modality.
analogy - correct answersThe process by which a problem solver maps the solution for one
problem into a solution for another problem.
antecedent - correct answersThe condition of a conditional statement; that is, the A in If A, then B.
anterior cingulate cortex - correct answers(ACC) Medial potion of the prefrontal cortex important
in control and dealing with conflict.
anterograde amnesia - correct answersLoss of the ability to learn new things after an injury.
aphasia - correct answersAn impairment of speech that results from a brain injury.
apperceptive agnosia - correct answersA form of visual agnosia marked by inability to recognize
simple shapes such as circles and triangles.
arguments - correct answersAn element of a propositional representation that corresponds to a
time, place, person, or object.
, articulatory loop - correct answersBaddeley's proposed system for rehearsing verbal information.
artificial intelligence - correct answersA field of computer science that attempts to develop
programs that will enable machines to display intelligent behavior.
associative agnosia - correct answersA form of visual agnosia marked by the inability to recognize
complex objects such as an anchor, even though the patient can recognize simple shapes and can
copy drawings of complex objects.
associative spreading - correct answersFacilitation in access to information when closely related
items are presented.
associative stage - correct answersThe second of Fitts's stages of skill acquisition, in which the
declarative representation of a skill is converted into a procedural representation.
atmosphere hypothesis - correct answersThe proposal by Woodworth and Sells that, when faced
with a categorical syllogism, people tend to accept conclusions having the same quantifiers as those
of the premises.
attention - correct answersThe allocation of cognitive resources among ongoing processes.
attenuation theory - correct answersTreisman's theory of attention, which proposes that we
weaken some incoming sensory signals on the basis of their physical characteristics.
attribute identification - correct answersThe problem of determining what attributes are relevant
to the formation of a hypothesis. See also rule learning.
auditory sensory store - correct answersA memory system that effectively holds all the information
heard for a brief period of time. Also called echoic memory.
