ENR 3700 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
geospatial technologies - ANSWER refer to all technologies used to acquire, manipulate,
store, analyze, and display location-based information
GIS, RS, GPS - ANSWER 3 major geospatial technologies
geographic information system - ANSWER GIS
remote sensing - ANSWER RS
Global Positioning System - ANSWER GPS
earth - ANSWER "Geo"
in space - ANSWER "spatial"
attribute, location - ANSWER what are two components of geospatial technology
imagery, elevation, transportation, addresses, boundaries, water features, survey
control - ANSWER name the thematic layers
Liebig's law of minimum - ANSWER productivity of many living organisms/ecosystems
limited by the scarcest nutrient, will lack of geosptail skills become your limiting factor
when advancing your career
coordinate systems - ANSWER a frame used to define the locations of geographical
entities using some coordinate value. describe how to use (x,y) values to label a point on
the earth. Help establish absolute position on earth rather than relative
Ellipsoid/Spheroid - ANSWER earth is not perfect sphere..it bulges near the equator (a
model to approximate the shape of Geoid)
Geoid - ANSWER represents the surface of the Earth as if it were caused by gravity
alone. It best represents mean sea level. The ocean surface would be hilly...true shape
of the Earth. Irregular surface with equal gravity
NAD27, NAD83, WGS84 - ANSWER 3 common datums for USA
NAD27 - ANSWER local, created manually by surveying the entire continent, references
a single survey point
NAD83 - ANSWER higher precision ellipsoid, compatible with modern survey
techniques, used by Federal gov and most states, global
WGS84 - ANSWER Used by entire globe, used for weapons system guidance
geographic coordinate system - ANSWER defined based on spherical coordinates.
, units: decimal degree
projected coordinate system - ANSWER based on projection that transforms spherical
coordinates to flat planar coordinates
shape, area, distance, direction - ANSWER 4 characteristics that can cause distortion
from projections
Universal Transverse Mercator (defined in meters), State Plane Coordinate System (US
state..each state divided into zones) - ANSWER what are two common PCS for US
cartography - ANSWER the sciences, arts and technologies of making maps
map body, unmapped areas, title, legend, map scale, map symbols, direction, info
sources, cartographer, dates, coordinate system - ANSWER what are essential map
elements?
lexical, graphical, representative (fraction) - ANSWER 3 representations of scale
lots of detail - ANSWER a large scale shows how much detail (1:100)
not much detail - ANSWER small scale (1:10000000)
map length/actual length - ANSWER RF=
azimuth - ANSWER comparable angles measured clockwise from due north (reading
from 0 to 360 degrees, only use North as a reference)
bearing - ANSWER horizontal angles referenced to either north or south line, divided in
quadrants N or S angle between 0 and 90 degrees)
true north - ANSWER direction from any point along a meridian towards the north pole
magnetic north - ANSWER directions given by the compass and other instruments that
rely on the Earth's magnetic field
magnetic declination - ANSWER difference between true north and magnetic north
agonic line - ANSWER line of zero declination where no corrections are required
-passes through the eastern section of US
GIS - ANSWER a computer based system for capturing, storing, querying, processing,
analyzing and displaying spatial data
people, software, hardware, data, methods - ANSWER what are five components of GIS
vector - ANSWER use geometry primitives to represent discrete features with a clear
spatial location and boundary (points are represented by coordinates)
raster - ANSWER use a grid and grid cells (pixels to represent features, especially
geospatial technologies - ANSWER refer to all technologies used to acquire, manipulate,
store, analyze, and display location-based information
GIS, RS, GPS - ANSWER 3 major geospatial technologies
geographic information system - ANSWER GIS
remote sensing - ANSWER RS
Global Positioning System - ANSWER GPS
earth - ANSWER "Geo"
in space - ANSWER "spatial"
attribute, location - ANSWER what are two components of geospatial technology
imagery, elevation, transportation, addresses, boundaries, water features, survey
control - ANSWER name the thematic layers
Liebig's law of minimum - ANSWER productivity of many living organisms/ecosystems
limited by the scarcest nutrient, will lack of geosptail skills become your limiting factor
when advancing your career
coordinate systems - ANSWER a frame used to define the locations of geographical
entities using some coordinate value. describe how to use (x,y) values to label a point on
the earth. Help establish absolute position on earth rather than relative
Ellipsoid/Spheroid - ANSWER earth is not perfect sphere..it bulges near the equator (a
model to approximate the shape of Geoid)
Geoid - ANSWER represents the surface of the Earth as if it were caused by gravity
alone. It best represents mean sea level. The ocean surface would be hilly...true shape
of the Earth. Irregular surface with equal gravity
NAD27, NAD83, WGS84 - ANSWER 3 common datums for USA
NAD27 - ANSWER local, created manually by surveying the entire continent, references
a single survey point
NAD83 - ANSWER higher precision ellipsoid, compatible with modern survey
techniques, used by Federal gov and most states, global
WGS84 - ANSWER Used by entire globe, used for weapons system guidance
geographic coordinate system - ANSWER defined based on spherical coordinates.
, units: decimal degree
projected coordinate system - ANSWER based on projection that transforms spherical
coordinates to flat planar coordinates
shape, area, distance, direction - ANSWER 4 characteristics that can cause distortion
from projections
Universal Transverse Mercator (defined in meters), State Plane Coordinate System (US
state..each state divided into zones) - ANSWER what are two common PCS for US
cartography - ANSWER the sciences, arts and technologies of making maps
map body, unmapped areas, title, legend, map scale, map symbols, direction, info
sources, cartographer, dates, coordinate system - ANSWER what are essential map
elements?
lexical, graphical, representative (fraction) - ANSWER 3 representations of scale
lots of detail - ANSWER a large scale shows how much detail (1:100)
not much detail - ANSWER small scale (1:10000000)
map length/actual length - ANSWER RF=
azimuth - ANSWER comparable angles measured clockwise from due north (reading
from 0 to 360 degrees, only use North as a reference)
bearing - ANSWER horizontal angles referenced to either north or south line, divided in
quadrants N or S angle between 0 and 90 degrees)
true north - ANSWER direction from any point along a meridian towards the north pole
magnetic north - ANSWER directions given by the compass and other instruments that
rely on the Earth's magnetic field
magnetic declination - ANSWER difference between true north and magnetic north
agonic line - ANSWER line of zero declination where no corrections are required
-passes through the eastern section of US
GIS - ANSWER a computer based system for capturing, storing, querying, processing,
analyzing and displaying spatial data
people, software, hardware, data, methods - ANSWER what are five components of GIS
vector - ANSWER use geometry primitives to represent discrete features with a clear
spatial location and boundary (points are represented by coordinates)
raster - ANSWER use a grid and grid cells (pixels to represent features, especially
