NRS 221 EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Healthcare informatics - ANSWER is a broad multidisciplinary field with many
specialties such as nursing informatics, medical informatics, dental informatics, and
pharmaceutical informatics.
Nursing informatics theory - ANSWER is concerned with the representation of nursing
data, information, and knowledge, to facilitate the management and communication of
nursing information within the healthcare milieu
Data - ANSWER are discrete, objective facts that have not been interpreted or are out of
context; they are at the atomic level.
Information - ANSWER data that have some type of interpretation or structure; that is, it
has context. It is derived from combining different pieces of data.
Knowledge - ANSWER a synthesis of information with relationships identified and
formalized. It changes something or somebody by creating the setting for formulating
possible effective actions, evaluating their effects, and deciding on the required action
Wisdom - ANSWER this is achieved through evaluating knowledge with reflection. It
involved seeing patterns and metapatterns and using them in different ways.
Tatical knowledge - ANSWER this is the knowledge that has been earned with
experience and reflection, but the the knowledge is so ingrained that it is difficult for the
nurse to verbalize or acknowledge. This type of knowledge provides a higher level of
wisdom than possessed by a new graduate
Sociotechnical theory - ANSWER This theory focuses on the impact of technology's
implementation on an organization. It also focuses on the interactions within an
organization among information management tools and techniques and the knowledge,
skills, attitudes, values, and needs of its employees as well as the rewards and authority
structures of the employer.
Social infromatics - ANSWER holds that a good design is based on an understanding of
how people work and the context of the work, not just technologic considerations.
Change theories - ANSWER these theories recognize that instituting a change in
documentation, whether it is a relatively simple change such as a minor system upgrade
or a more one such as moving from a paper record to completely paperless electronic
system, can provoke discomfort.
Rogers' diffusion of innovations theory - ANSWER this theory examines the pattern of
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Healthcare informatics - ANSWER is a broad multidisciplinary field with many
specialties such as nursing informatics, medical informatics, dental informatics, and
pharmaceutical informatics.
Nursing informatics theory - ANSWER is concerned with the representation of nursing
data, information, and knowledge, to facilitate the management and communication of
nursing information within the healthcare milieu
Data - ANSWER are discrete, objective facts that have not been interpreted or are out of
context; they are at the atomic level.
Information - ANSWER data that have some type of interpretation or structure; that is, it
has context. It is derived from combining different pieces of data.
Knowledge - ANSWER a synthesis of information with relationships identified and
formalized. It changes something or somebody by creating the setting for formulating
possible effective actions, evaluating their effects, and deciding on the required action
Wisdom - ANSWER this is achieved through evaluating knowledge with reflection. It
involved seeing patterns and metapatterns and using them in different ways.
Tatical knowledge - ANSWER this is the knowledge that has been earned with
experience and reflection, but the the knowledge is so ingrained that it is difficult for the
nurse to verbalize or acknowledge. This type of knowledge provides a higher level of
wisdom than possessed by a new graduate
Sociotechnical theory - ANSWER This theory focuses on the impact of technology's
implementation on an organization. It also focuses on the interactions within an
organization among information management tools and techniques and the knowledge,
skills, attitudes, values, and needs of its employees as well as the rewards and authority
structures of the employer.
Social infromatics - ANSWER holds that a good design is based on an understanding of
how people work and the context of the work, not just technologic considerations.
Change theories - ANSWER these theories recognize that instituting a change in
documentation, whether it is a relatively simple change such as a minor system upgrade
or a more one such as moving from a paper record to completely paperless electronic
system, can provoke discomfort.
Rogers' diffusion of innovations theory - ANSWER this theory examines the pattern of
