OTD 334 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Among these sources of knowledge, which one is the most time consuming and won't identify
the best solution?
Tradition
Authority
Trial and Error
Logical Reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER - trial and error
Which step(s) in the research process will you implement in this course?
Identify the research problem
Review the literature
Design the study
A and B - CORRECT ANSWER - A and B
Is the question using qualitative or quantitative approach: How do you describe your racial and
ethnic background? - CORRECT ANSWER - qualitative
Which category across the research continuum is used to identify risk factors for a disease or
disability? - CORRECT ANSWER - exploratory
Research aiming to measure teenage use of illegal drugs surveys high school students. Is this a
biased sample? - CORRECT ANSWER - yes
If we divide a sample of adults into subgroups by age and randomly select proportional amounts
of people from each group, this is called... - CORRECT ANSWER - stratified random
sampling
,The researcher compiles data from selected cities in Florida to get a picture about city taxes in
the state - CORRECT ANSWER - cluster sampling
A researcher studying patterns of informal leadership asks individuals to name other influential
people in the community - CORRECT ANSWER - snowball sampling
To learn about Walmarts employees' opinion on wages, you survey them by grabbing whichever
employees come out of Walmart - CORRECT ANSWER - convenience sampling
T/F. Clinical research should be empirical (observable), critical, dynamic, and creative,
performed in various settings, use a variety of quantitative and qualitative measurement tools,
and focused on applying the clinical theory and interventions. - CORRECT ANSWER - true
____________-___________ practice emphasizes that research literature is not the only source
of information for decision making, and all relevant information should be considered given the
patient-care environment and available resources. - CORRECT ANSWER - Evidence-based
In evidence-based practice, the patient's clinical state, relevant research evidence, and patient's
preferences and actions all intersect to form _________ ____________ - CORRECT
ANSWER - clinician expertise
What does the acronym PICO stand for in formulating a good clinical question? - CORRECT
ANSWER - population, intervention, comparison, outcome
A relevant clinical question would be related to the patient's __________, prognosis,
intervention, etiology of patient's problem, the validity of clinical guidelines, safety or
_________ effectiveness of care - CORRECT ANSWER - diagnosis, cost
A therapist should be able to critically appraise the studies to identify if they meet __________
standards (research process, research designs [qualitative & quantitative], statistics, levels of
evidence, research ethics, understand research results/interpretation - CORRECT ANSWER -
validity
, What knowledge and skills are needed in looking at research? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
clinicians must be able to search and access literature
2. critically appraise the studies to identify if they meet validity standards
3. if and how the results apply to a given clinical situation
5 sources of knowledge are ___________, authority, trial and error, logical reasoning, and the
____________ ______________ - CORRECT ANSWER - tradition, scientific method
______________ is what we have always known to be true. It is inherited knowledge that does
not require external validation and is useful in offering common foundation for communication. -
CORRECT ANSWER - tradition
many traditions have not been tested for their ___________ or against better alternatives and
relying only on precedent in making clinical decisions prevents clinicians to search for new
information, new ways of treating their patients - CORRECT ANSWER - validity
___________ are expert sources of information (success, experience, or reputation) who may
provide knowledge and expertise in the situations of uncertainty or lack of expertise in certain
areas. This is a necessary approach when scientific evidence is NOT available. - CORRECT
ANSWER - authority
_________________ is the earliest approach in solving a problem. Multiple attempts are made
until a reasonably satisfactory outcome is achieved and adopted. An option when there is no
other basis for making a decision: based on intuition and creativity in selective alternatives. This
isn't shared with others experiencing similar issues and once the outcome is achieved, it can't be
concluded as the "best" - CORRECT ANSWER - trial & error
_______________ is a method of knowing that combines experience, intellect, and formal
systems of thought. A systematic process used throughout history to answer questions and
acquire new knowledge - CORRECT ANSWER - logical reasoning
____________ is the most rigorous process to obtain new knowledge and is based on two
assumptions: 1. nature is orderly and regular and the events are consistent and predictable and 2.
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Among these sources of knowledge, which one is the most time consuming and won't identify
the best solution?
Tradition
Authority
Trial and Error
Logical Reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER - trial and error
Which step(s) in the research process will you implement in this course?
Identify the research problem
Review the literature
Design the study
A and B - CORRECT ANSWER - A and B
Is the question using qualitative or quantitative approach: How do you describe your racial and
ethnic background? - CORRECT ANSWER - qualitative
Which category across the research continuum is used to identify risk factors for a disease or
disability? - CORRECT ANSWER - exploratory
Research aiming to measure teenage use of illegal drugs surveys high school students. Is this a
biased sample? - CORRECT ANSWER - yes
If we divide a sample of adults into subgroups by age and randomly select proportional amounts
of people from each group, this is called... - CORRECT ANSWER - stratified random
sampling
,The researcher compiles data from selected cities in Florida to get a picture about city taxes in
the state - CORRECT ANSWER - cluster sampling
A researcher studying patterns of informal leadership asks individuals to name other influential
people in the community - CORRECT ANSWER - snowball sampling
To learn about Walmarts employees' opinion on wages, you survey them by grabbing whichever
employees come out of Walmart - CORRECT ANSWER - convenience sampling
T/F. Clinical research should be empirical (observable), critical, dynamic, and creative,
performed in various settings, use a variety of quantitative and qualitative measurement tools,
and focused on applying the clinical theory and interventions. - CORRECT ANSWER - true
____________-___________ practice emphasizes that research literature is not the only source
of information for decision making, and all relevant information should be considered given the
patient-care environment and available resources. - CORRECT ANSWER - Evidence-based
In evidence-based practice, the patient's clinical state, relevant research evidence, and patient's
preferences and actions all intersect to form _________ ____________ - CORRECT
ANSWER - clinician expertise
What does the acronym PICO stand for in formulating a good clinical question? - CORRECT
ANSWER - population, intervention, comparison, outcome
A relevant clinical question would be related to the patient's __________, prognosis,
intervention, etiology of patient's problem, the validity of clinical guidelines, safety or
_________ effectiveness of care - CORRECT ANSWER - diagnosis, cost
A therapist should be able to critically appraise the studies to identify if they meet __________
standards (research process, research designs [qualitative & quantitative], statistics, levels of
evidence, research ethics, understand research results/interpretation - CORRECT ANSWER -
validity
, What knowledge and skills are needed in looking at research? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
clinicians must be able to search and access literature
2. critically appraise the studies to identify if they meet validity standards
3. if and how the results apply to a given clinical situation
5 sources of knowledge are ___________, authority, trial and error, logical reasoning, and the
____________ ______________ - CORRECT ANSWER - tradition, scientific method
______________ is what we have always known to be true. It is inherited knowledge that does
not require external validation and is useful in offering common foundation for communication. -
CORRECT ANSWER - tradition
many traditions have not been tested for their ___________ or against better alternatives and
relying only on precedent in making clinical decisions prevents clinicians to search for new
information, new ways of treating their patients - CORRECT ANSWER - validity
___________ are expert sources of information (success, experience, or reputation) who may
provide knowledge and expertise in the situations of uncertainty or lack of expertise in certain
areas. This is a necessary approach when scientific evidence is NOT available. - CORRECT
ANSWER - authority
_________________ is the earliest approach in solving a problem. Multiple attempts are made
until a reasonably satisfactory outcome is achieved and adopted. An option when there is no
other basis for making a decision: based on intuition and creativity in selective alternatives. This
isn't shared with others experiencing similar issues and once the outcome is achieved, it can't be
concluded as the "best" - CORRECT ANSWER - trial & error
_______________ is a method of knowing that combines experience, intellect, and formal
systems of thought. A systematic process used throughout history to answer questions and
acquire new knowledge - CORRECT ANSWER - logical reasoning
____________ is the most rigorous process to obtain new knowledge and is based on two
assumptions: 1. nature is orderly and regular and the events are consistent and predictable and 2.
