MCAT Physics and Math Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Version

MCAT Physics and Math Exam Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Version Vectors - Answers Quantities with magnitude and direction Ex. Force, velocity Scalars - Answers quantities that have magnitude but no direction Ex. mass, speed Displacement - Answers DeltaX change in position final-initial Average velocity - Answers V=∆x/∆t Acceleration - Answers Rate of change of velocity. Vector a=∆v/∆t Linear Motion Equations (5) - Answers v=vo+at x=vo*t + 0.5*a*t^2 v^2=vo^2 + 2ax vbar={(vo+v)/2} x=vbar*t={(vo+v)/2}*t Projectile Motion-vertical and horizontal components and graph - Answers Vx=vsin(theta) Yx=vcos(theta) *know graph Static Friction (fs) - Answers the force that must be overcome to set an object in motion. 0≤fs≤μs*N Kinetic Friction (fk) - Answers Opposes the motion of objects moving relative to each other. fk=μk*N Newton's First Law (law of inertia) - Answers A body in a state of motion or at rest will remain in that state unless acted upon by a net force Newton's second law - Answers When a net force is applied to a body of mass m, the body will be accelerated in the same direction as the force applied to the mass. F=ma unit=N=kg*m/s^2 Newton's third law - Answers If body A exerts a force on body B, then B will exert a force back onto A that is equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction. Fb=-Fa Newton's law of gravitation - Answers F=Gm1m2/r^2 Mass - Answers m scalar quantity that measures a body's inertia Weight - Answers Fg vector quantity that measures a body's gravitational attraction to the earth Fg=mg Uniform circular motion equations (2) - Answers ac=v^2/r Fc=mv^2/r First condition of equilibrium - Answers An object is in translational equilibrium when the sum of forces pushing in one direction is counterbalanced. Sum of F=0 Fgravity>Fdrag - Answers person accelerates downward Fg=Fdrag - Answers Terminal velocity is reached and person travels at constant velocity Work - Answers For a constant force F acting on an object that moves a displacement of d, the work is W=F*d*cos(theta) Unit=joule=N*m Work for a force perp to the displacement - Answers W=0 System work-expansion - Answers W>0 When the piston compresses the gas, - Answers work is done on the system W<0 The area under a P vs. V curve - Answers amount of work done on a system Power - Answers The rate at which work is performed P=W/∆t Unit=watt=J/s Kinetic Energy - Answers The energy associated with moving objects K=0.5*m*v^2 Potential Energy - Answers Energy associated with a body's position U=mgh Total mechanical energy - Answers E= U+K conserved when the sum of U and K remains constant Work Energy Theorem - Answers W=∆E Conservation of Energy - Answers When there are no nonconservative forces (such as friction) acting on a system, the total mechanical energy remains constant ∆E=∆K+∆U=0 Linear Thermal Expansion - Answers The increase in length by most solids when heated when temperature increases, the length of a solid increases "a Lot" ∆L=αL∆T Volume thermal expansion - Answers The increase in volume of fluids when heated ∆V= βV∆T Conduction - Answers The direct transfer of energy via molecular collisions Convection - Answers The transfer of heat by the physical motion of a fluid Radiation - Answers The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves Specific Heat equation - Answers Q=mc∆T "looks like MCAT" Can only be used when the object does not change phase unit=joules, calories, or kcal Q>0 - Answers heat is gained Q<0 - Answers heat is lost Heat of transformation - Answers The quantity of heat required to change the phase of 1g of substance Q=mL (phase changes are isothermal) First law of thermodynamics equation - Answers ∆U=Q-W Adiabatic - Answers Q=0 ∆U=-W Constant Volume - Answers W=0 ∆U=Q Isothermal - Answers ∆U=0 Q=W Second law of thermodynamics - Answers any thermodynamic process that moves from one state of equilibrium to another. The entropy of a system and environment together will either increase or remain unchanged Density - Answers m/V kg/m^3 Specific gravity - Answers ρsubstance/ρwater ρwater - Answers 10^3 kg/m^3 Weight - Answers ρgV Pressure - Answers scalar quantity Force per unit area P=F/A Unit=pascal=N/m^2 Pressure for static fluids of uniform density in sealed vessel - Answers P=ρgz Absolute pressure - Answers A fluid due to gravity somewhere below the surface given by P=Po + ρgz