MSK FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What type of joint is the hip? - Answers- Ball and socket synovial
What anatomy comprises the hip joint - Answers- Acetabulum of the pelvis and
proximal femur
What is the femoral head covered by? Acetabulum? - Answers- Femoral head is
covered by hyaline cartilage
Acetabulum is lined by hyaline cartilage in an inverted U shape with fibrocartilage
labrum attached to acetabular rim
Anterior compartment of the thigh - Answers- Sartorius
Quadriceps muscle (Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedialis, vastus
medialis)
Medial compartment of the thigh - Answers- Pectineus
Obsteror externus
Gracailis
Adductors (Longus, brevis, magnus, minimus)
Posterior compartment of the thigh - Answers- Biceps femoris
Semimembranous
Semitendinosus
Hip Evaulation-Anterior - Answers- Hip joint recess, iliopsoas complex and bursa,
rectus femoris, sartorius, pubic symphysis
Hip Evaulation-Lateral - Answers- Greater trochnater
hip evulation-posterior - Answers- Sacroiliac joints, piriformis, Hip abductors
hip evaluation-inguinal region - Answers- Hasselbach triangle
Thigh evaulation-medial - Answers- Femoral artery and nerve and eveun
Thigh evaulation-posterior - Answers- Semimebanrous
Semitendonous
Biceps femoirs
Diagnosis of hip joint effusion depends on - Answers- Distension of joint recess over
femoral neck
,In adults, capsular distension of 7mm or 1mm of asymmetry is indicative of joint
distension
Presence of hypoechoic or anechoic paralabral cyst - Answers- Indicates an underlying
hip labrum tear
Step off deformity of the femoral neck - Answers- Indicates a fracture
What bursa is anterior to the hip joint - Answers- iliopsoas
Trochanter (subgluteus bursa) - Answers- Origin between gluteus maximus and
posterior facet of greater trochanter but extends laterally between gluteus medius and
iliotibial tract
Indications for hip ultrasound - Answers- }Hip pain
}Effusion
}Evaluation of bursae
}Evaluation of "clicking" or "locking" hip
}Developmental hip dysplasia(DDH)
How does hip ultrasound change in comparison to other MSK ultrasound - Answers-
Hip is deep structure
Requires lower frequency transducer (5MHz)
The greater trochanteric bursa - Answers- Surrounds the laterally hip
Iliopsoas bursa is.... - Answers- largest bursa in the human body 7 x 4 x 2 cm
Normally NO fluid in this bursa
What is snapping hip syndrome - Answers- Abnormal snapping with hip movement
Can be intraarticular or extraarticular
Snapping hip-Intraarticular - Answers- Related to joint processes (Intra-articular bodies
and prior trauma)
Snapping hip-Extraarticular - Answers- Internal (iliopsoas) and eternal (iliotibial tract
and gluteus maximus)
Morel Lavalle Lesion - Answers- Post traumatic condition at thigh and proximal hip
Fluid collection between the subcutanous fat and underlying fascia
Closed degloving
, Anechoic/hypoechoic fluid between the superficial fat and under fascial tissues of
proximal thigh
May be heterogenous when acute but homogenous and flat when chronic
DDH is diagnosed - Answers- Diagnostic criteria for hip dysplasia=rely on dynamic
evaluation with optional measurements
Findings" Subluxation and dislocation of the femoral head during dynamic movements
with applied stress
Anterior muscle group - Answers- Flexors
Posterior muscle group - Answers- Extensors
Pain with rising from a sitting position or climbing stairs - Answers- Patellofemoral
disease
MVC trauma-dashboard injury - Answers- PCL tear or dislocation
Pain or locking of knee after squatting - Answers- Meniscal tear
Popping sound after pivoting motion during a non-contact injury - Answers- ACL tear
Popping sound during contact - Answers- Collateral ligament, meniscus or patellar
dislocation
Acute swelling - Answers- ACL, peripheral meniscal tear, osteochondral fracture with or
without capsule tear
Knee "gives out" - Answers- Ligamentous laxity, patellar subluxation &/or dislocation,
meniscal tear, chondromalacia or the patella
0Deep layer of MCL is continuous with - Answers- medial meniscus
MCL & ACL are what - Answers- most commonly torn ligaments of the knee`
0Biceps tendon and LCL share what? - Answers- common insertion onto head of the
fibula
0LCL is separated from lateral meniscus by what? - Answers- popliteus tendon
Insertion of iliotibial band is seen where? - Answers- Gerdy's tubercle (near anterior
margin of tibial condyle)
Knee trauma - Answers- Patellar fracture (Step off defomrity)
What type of joint is the hip? - Answers- Ball and socket synovial
What anatomy comprises the hip joint - Answers- Acetabulum of the pelvis and
proximal femur
What is the femoral head covered by? Acetabulum? - Answers- Femoral head is
covered by hyaline cartilage
Acetabulum is lined by hyaline cartilage in an inverted U shape with fibrocartilage
labrum attached to acetabular rim
Anterior compartment of the thigh - Answers- Sartorius
Quadriceps muscle (Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedialis, vastus
medialis)
Medial compartment of the thigh - Answers- Pectineus
Obsteror externus
Gracailis
Adductors (Longus, brevis, magnus, minimus)
Posterior compartment of the thigh - Answers- Biceps femoris
Semimembranous
Semitendinosus
Hip Evaulation-Anterior - Answers- Hip joint recess, iliopsoas complex and bursa,
rectus femoris, sartorius, pubic symphysis
Hip Evaulation-Lateral - Answers- Greater trochnater
hip evulation-posterior - Answers- Sacroiliac joints, piriformis, Hip abductors
hip evaluation-inguinal region - Answers- Hasselbach triangle
Thigh evaulation-medial - Answers- Femoral artery and nerve and eveun
Thigh evaulation-posterior - Answers- Semimebanrous
Semitendonous
Biceps femoirs
Diagnosis of hip joint effusion depends on - Answers- Distension of joint recess over
femoral neck
,In adults, capsular distension of 7mm or 1mm of asymmetry is indicative of joint
distension
Presence of hypoechoic or anechoic paralabral cyst - Answers- Indicates an underlying
hip labrum tear
Step off deformity of the femoral neck - Answers- Indicates a fracture
What bursa is anterior to the hip joint - Answers- iliopsoas
Trochanter (subgluteus bursa) - Answers- Origin between gluteus maximus and
posterior facet of greater trochanter but extends laterally between gluteus medius and
iliotibial tract
Indications for hip ultrasound - Answers- }Hip pain
}Effusion
}Evaluation of bursae
}Evaluation of "clicking" or "locking" hip
}Developmental hip dysplasia(DDH)
How does hip ultrasound change in comparison to other MSK ultrasound - Answers-
Hip is deep structure
Requires lower frequency transducer (5MHz)
The greater trochanteric bursa - Answers- Surrounds the laterally hip
Iliopsoas bursa is.... - Answers- largest bursa in the human body 7 x 4 x 2 cm
Normally NO fluid in this bursa
What is snapping hip syndrome - Answers- Abnormal snapping with hip movement
Can be intraarticular or extraarticular
Snapping hip-Intraarticular - Answers- Related to joint processes (Intra-articular bodies
and prior trauma)
Snapping hip-Extraarticular - Answers- Internal (iliopsoas) and eternal (iliotibial tract
and gluteus maximus)
Morel Lavalle Lesion - Answers- Post traumatic condition at thigh and proximal hip
Fluid collection between the subcutanous fat and underlying fascia
Closed degloving
, Anechoic/hypoechoic fluid between the superficial fat and under fascial tissues of
proximal thigh
May be heterogenous when acute but homogenous and flat when chronic
DDH is diagnosed - Answers- Diagnostic criteria for hip dysplasia=rely on dynamic
evaluation with optional measurements
Findings" Subluxation and dislocation of the femoral head during dynamic movements
with applied stress
Anterior muscle group - Answers- Flexors
Posterior muscle group - Answers- Extensors
Pain with rising from a sitting position or climbing stairs - Answers- Patellofemoral
disease
MVC trauma-dashboard injury - Answers- PCL tear or dislocation
Pain or locking of knee after squatting - Answers- Meniscal tear
Popping sound after pivoting motion during a non-contact injury - Answers- ACL tear
Popping sound during contact - Answers- Collateral ligament, meniscus or patellar
dislocation
Acute swelling - Answers- ACL, peripheral meniscal tear, osteochondral fracture with or
without capsule tear
Knee "gives out" - Answers- Ligamentous laxity, patellar subluxation &/or dislocation,
meniscal tear, chondromalacia or the patella
0Deep layer of MCL is continuous with - Answers- medial meniscus
MCL & ACL are what - Answers- most commonly torn ligaments of the knee`
0Biceps tendon and LCL share what? - Answers- common insertion onto head of the
fibula
0LCL is separated from lateral meniscus by what? - Answers- popliteus tendon
Insertion of iliotibial band is seen where? - Answers- Gerdy's tubercle (near anterior
margin of tibial condyle)
Knee trauma - Answers- Patellar fracture (Step off defomrity)
