PA241: Exam 4 Study Set With
Correct Solution
PSI - ANSWER **Pre-sentencing Investigation by probation**
-Report of life to figure out sentencing
-Not part of trial record
-Both sides can question accuracy
Incapacitation - ANSWER Remove ability to commit offense
Retribution - ANSWER Revenge or avenging. An eye for and eye philosophy.
Rehabilitation - ANSWER Reform to reenter society
Deterrence - ANSWER Punishment to keep people from reoffending
Greg vs. Gg (1976) - ANSWER Supreme Court refers to retribution (eye for an eye) of
punishment as appropriate.
General Deterrence - ANSWER Punish offender to keep others in line
Individual Deterrence - ANSWER Punish offender to remind specific person to stop
social solidarity - ANSWER Relieves us of sin, makes us feel virtuous
-Punishment reinforces the morals of society and binds members closer together
against crime
Shaming - ANSWER attach stigma to act, reintegrate
Four types of tradition sanctions - ANSWER Fines
Probation
Imprisonment
Death
Indeterminate sentence - ANSWER Broad range of sentence. Allows parole board to
determine length for individual and date of release
Determinate Sentencing - ANSWER A period of incarceration that is fixed. It cannot be
changed by judge. Considers crime and criminal
, Fixed or Flat Sentencing - ANSWER Legislatively set fixed sentences. Only considers
crime
Sentencing guidelines - ANSWER Rules for deciding sentences that classify offenses
and offenders and prescribe punishments
Aggravating Factors - ANSWER actions that may increase the seriousness of a crime
Mitigating Factors - ANSWER circumstances that decrease the severity of the sentence
Purpose of Federal Sentencing Guidelines - ANSWER -Limit Federal judges discretion
-Reduce disparity (difference)
-Promote consistency and uniformity
-Increase fairness
3 Strikes you're out - ANSWER Career criminal orientation with increasing punishment
for 2nd and 3rd crimes.
-Third strike is typically a mandatory minimum of 25 years
Probation - ANSWER -Pre Jail
Court Supervised
-the action of suspending the sentence of a convicted offender and giving the offender
freedom during good behavior under the supervision of a probation officer
Levels of Probation - ANSWER -Started 1878: US probation
-Next 1925: The Federal Government started their form of probation
Finally 1950: every state had their own probation system
Parole - ANSWER -Post jail
-Corrections
-Community sentence supervised by Department of corrections, serving rest of term
outside in community
-States limited options available to offenders, varied by states
Prison structures: Pre 1770's - ANSWER Flogging, fines, forfeiture of property for
restitution, and hard labor
New Era 1770's Post revolutionary Pennsylvania - ANSWER -Created Quakers, limited
us of physical punishments, rebuked death sentences
-Separate system: Isolation, self-reflection, individualized treatment and discipline
Correct Solution
PSI - ANSWER **Pre-sentencing Investigation by probation**
-Report of life to figure out sentencing
-Not part of trial record
-Both sides can question accuracy
Incapacitation - ANSWER Remove ability to commit offense
Retribution - ANSWER Revenge or avenging. An eye for and eye philosophy.
Rehabilitation - ANSWER Reform to reenter society
Deterrence - ANSWER Punishment to keep people from reoffending
Greg vs. Gg (1976) - ANSWER Supreme Court refers to retribution (eye for an eye) of
punishment as appropriate.
General Deterrence - ANSWER Punish offender to keep others in line
Individual Deterrence - ANSWER Punish offender to remind specific person to stop
social solidarity - ANSWER Relieves us of sin, makes us feel virtuous
-Punishment reinforces the morals of society and binds members closer together
against crime
Shaming - ANSWER attach stigma to act, reintegrate
Four types of tradition sanctions - ANSWER Fines
Probation
Imprisonment
Death
Indeterminate sentence - ANSWER Broad range of sentence. Allows parole board to
determine length for individual and date of release
Determinate Sentencing - ANSWER A period of incarceration that is fixed. It cannot be
changed by judge. Considers crime and criminal
, Fixed or Flat Sentencing - ANSWER Legislatively set fixed sentences. Only considers
crime
Sentencing guidelines - ANSWER Rules for deciding sentences that classify offenses
and offenders and prescribe punishments
Aggravating Factors - ANSWER actions that may increase the seriousness of a crime
Mitigating Factors - ANSWER circumstances that decrease the severity of the sentence
Purpose of Federal Sentencing Guidelines - ANSWER -Limit Federal judges discretion
-Reduce disparity (difference)
-Promote consistency and uniformity
-Increase fairness
3 Strikes you're out - ANSWER Career criminal orientation with increasing punishment
for 2nd and 3rd crimes.
-Third strike is typically a mandatory minimum of 25 years
Probation - ANSWER -Pre Jail
Court Supervised
-the action of suspending the sentence of a convicted offender and giving the offender
freedom during good behavior under the supervision of a probation officer
Levels of Probation - ANSWER -Started 1878: US probation
-Next 1925: The Federal Government started their form of probation
Finally 1950: every state had their own probation system
Parole - ANSWER -Post jail
-Corrections
-Community sentence supervised by Department of corrections, serving rest of term
outside in community
-States limited options available to offenders, varied by states
Prison structures: Pre 1770's - ANSWER Flogging, fines, forfeiture of property for
restitution, and hard labor
New Era 1770's Post revolutionary Pennsylvania - ANSWER -Created Quakers, limited
us of physical punishments, rebuked death sentences
-Separate system: Isolation, self-reflection, individualized treatment and discipline
