EXSC 223- Exam 1 Comprehension Q&A
100% Solved | Graded A+
What process establishes the resting membrane potential? - ✔✔Diffusion
of ions, mainly the diffusion of K+ from the cell through leakage channels,
establishes resting membrane potential
Is the inside of the plasma membrane negative or positive relative to its
outside in a polarized membrane of a resting cell? - ✔✔In a polarized
membrane of a resting cell, the inside is negative relative to its outside
What term is used to indicate signaling chemicals that bind to membrane
receptors? - ✔✔Ligands
Which type of membrane receptor is most important in directing
intracellular events by promoting formation of second messengers? - ✔✔G
protein-linked receptors direct intracellular events by promoting formation of
second messangers
Which organelle is the major site of ATP synthesis? - ✔✔Mitochondria
What are three organelles involved in protein synthesis and how do these
organelles interact in that process? - ✔✔Ribosomes are the sites of protein
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,synthesis. The rough ER provides a site for ribosome attachment, and its
cisterns package into vesicles the proteins made on the ribosomes for
transport to the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus modifies and
packages the proteins it receives for various destinations within or outside
the cell
Compare the functions of lysosomes and peroxisomes. - ✔✔The lysosomal
enzymes digest foreign substances engulfed by the cell, non useful or
deteriorating organelles, or even the cell itself to prevent the buildup of
cellular debris. The enzymes in peroxisomes detoxify harmful chemicals
and neutralize free radicals
How are microtubules and microfilaments related functionally? - ✔✔Both
microfilaments and microtubules are involved in organelle movements
within the cell and/or movements of the cell as a whole
Of microfilaments, microtubules, or intermediate filaments, which is most
important in maintaining cell shape? - ✔✔Intermediate filaments are the
most important cytoskeletal elements in maintaining cell shape
The major function of cilia is to move substances across the free cell
surface. What is the major role of microvilli? - ✔✔The major function of
microvilli is to increase the cell's surface area for absorption of substances
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, If a cell ejects or loses its nucleus, what is its fate and why? - ✔✔The cell
dies because it's unable to make proteins which include the enzymes
needed for all metabolic reactions
What is the role of nucleoli? - ✔✔Nucleoli are the site of synthesis of
ribosomal subunits
What is the importance of the histone proteins present in the nucleus? -
✔✔Histone proteins provide the means to pack DNA in a compact, orderly
way, and they play a role in gene regulation
If one of the DNA strands being replicated reads CGAATG, what will be the
base sequence of the corresponding DNA strand? - ✔✔GCTTAC
During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized? - ✔✔DNA is
synthesized during the S phase
What are three events occurring in prophase that are undone in telophase?
- ✔✔Nuclear envelope breaks up, spindle forms, nucleoli disappear, and
the chromosomes coil and condense
Codons and anticodons are both three-base sequences. How do they
differ? - ✔✔Codons are three-base sequences in mRNA, each of which
specifies an amino acid. Anticodons are three-base sequences in tRNA
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
100% Solved | Graded A+
What process establishes the resting membrane potential? - ✔✔Diffusion
of ions, mainly the diffusion of K+ from the cell through leakage channels,
establishes resting membrane potential
Is the inside of the plasma membrane negative or positive relative to its
outside in a polarized membrane of a resting cell? - ✔✔In a polarized
membrane of a resting cell, the inside is negative relative to its outside
What term is used to indicate signaling chemicals that bind to membrane
receptors? - ✔✔Ligands
Which type of membrane receptor is most important in directing
intracellular events by promoting formation of second messengers? - ✔✔G
protein-linked receptors direct intracellular events by promoting formation of
second messangers
Which organelle is the major site of ATP synthesis? - ✔✔Mitochondria
What are three organelles involved in protein synthesis and how do these
organelles interact in that process? - ✔✔Ribosomes are the sites of protein
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,synthesis. The rough ER provides a site for ribosome attachment, and its
cisterns package into vesicles the proteins made on the ribosomes for
transport to the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus modifies and
packages the proteins it receives for various destinations within or outside
the cell
Compare the functions of lysosomes and peroxisomes. - ✔✔The lysosomal
enzymes digest foreign substances engulfed by the cell, non useful or
deteriorating organelles, or even the cell itself to prevent the buildup of
cellular debris. The enzymes in peroxisomes detoxify harmful chemicals
and neutralize free radicals
How are microtubules and microfilaments related functionally? - ✔✔Both
microfilaments and microtubules are involved in organelle movements
within the cell and/or movements of the cell as a whole
Of microfilaments, microtubules, or intermediate filaments, which is most
important in maintaining cell shape? - ✔✔Intermediate filaments are the
most important cytoskeletal elements in maintaining cell shape
The major function of cilia is to move substances across the free cell
surface. What is the major role of microvilli? - ✔✔The major function of
microvilli is to increase the cell's surface area for absorption of substances
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, If a cell ejects or loses its nucleus, what is its fate and why? - ✔✔The cell
dies because it's unable to make proteins which include the enzymes
needed for all metabolic reactions
What is the role of nucleoli? - ✔✔Nucleoli are the site of synthesis of
ribosomal subunits
What is the importance of the histone proteins present in the nucleus? -
✔✔Histone proteins provide the means to pack DNA in a compact, orderly
way, and they play a role in gene regulation
If one of the DNA strands being replicated reads CGAATG, what will be the
base sequence of the corresponding DNA strand? - ✔✔GCTTAC
During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized? - ✔✔DNA is
synthesized during the S phase
What are three events occurring in prophase that are undone in telophase?
- ✔✔Nuclear envelope breaks up, spindle forms, nucleoli disappear, and
the chromosomes coil and condense
Codons and anticodons are both three-base sequences. How do they
differ? - ✔✔Codons are three-base sequences in mRNA, each of which
specifies an amino acid. Anticodons are three-base sequences in tRNA
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
