©FYNDLAY.
MCB4422 Exam 2 Study Guide.
Nonspecific immune response - Answers✔innate/natural immunity, first line of defense, offers
resistance to any microbe or foreign material, lacks memory
specific immune response - Answers✔acquired immunity, adaptive immunity, and specific
immunity
Resistance to a particular foreign agent
Has memory
Effectiveness increases on repeated exposure to agent
antigens - Answers✔Recognized as foreign
Invoke immune responses
hematopoesis - Answers✔Development of white blood cells in bone marrow of mammals
Leukocytes - Answers✔white blood cells, involved in both specific and nonspecific immunity,
arise from pluripotent stem cells
neutrophils - Answers✔Stain at neutral pH
Highly phagocytic
Circulate in blood then migrate to sites of tissue damage
Kill ingested microbes with lytic enzymes and reactive oxygen metabolites contained in primary
and secondary granules
monocytes - Answers✔Mononuclear phagocytic leukocytes
After circulating for about 8 hours, mature into macrophages
Macrophages - Answers✔Reside in specific tissues
Have a variety of surface receptors
Named according to tissue in which they reside
dendritic cells - Answers✔Present in small numbers in blood, skin, and mucous membranes of
nose, lungs, and intestines
1
, ©FYNDLAY.
Contact, phagocytose and process antigens -> display foreign antigens on their surfaces
Lymphocytes - Answers✔Major cells of the immune system
Major populations include T cells, B cells and null cells (which include natural killer , or NK,
cells)
B lymphocytes (B cells) - Answers✔Mature in bone marrow
Circulate in blood
Can settle in lymphoid organs
After maturation and activation are called plasma cells and produce antibodies
T lymphocytes (T cells) - Answers✔Mature in thymus
Can remain in thymus, circulate in blood, or reside in lymphoid tissue
Like B cells, require antigen binding to surface receptors for activation and continuation of
replication
cytokines , chemicals that have effects on other cells, are produced and secreted by activated T
cells
natural killer cells (NK cells) - Answers✔Small population of large non-phagocytic granular
lymphocytes
Kill malignant cells and cells infected w pathogens
Two ways of recognizing target cells
Bind to antibodies which coat infected or malignant cells (antibody-dependent cell-mediated
cytotoxicity ADCC)
Recognize and kill cells that have lost their class I major histocompatibility antigen due to
presence of virus or cancer
primary organs and tissues - Answers✔Sites where lymphocytes mature and differentiate into
antigen-sensitive mature B and T cells
secondary organs and tissues - Answers✔areas where lymphocytes may encounter and bind
antigen
Followed by proliferation and differentiation into fully mature effector cells
lymphoid tissues - Answers✔Located throughout the body
Serve as interface between nonspecific (innate) and specific (acquired) host immunity
Act as areas of antigen sampling and processing
Some lymphoid cells are found closely associated with specific tissues
2
MCB4422 Exam 2 Study Guide.
Nonspecific immune response - Answers✔innate/natural immunity, first line of defense, offers
resistance to any microbe or foreign material, lacks memory
specific immune response - Answers✔acquired immunity, adaptive immunity, and specific
immunity
Resistance to a particular foreign agent
Has memory
Effectiveness increases on repeated exposure to agent
antigens - Answers✔Recognized as foreign
Invoke immune responses
hematopoesis - Answers✔Development of white blood cells in bone marrow of mammals
Leukocytes - Answers✔white blood cells, involved in both specific and nonspecific immunity,
arise from pluripotent stem cells
neutrophils - Answers✔Stain at neutral pH
Highly phagocytic
Circulate in blood then migrate to sites of tissue damage
Kill ingested microbes with lytic enzymes and reactive oxygen metabolites contained in primary
and secondary granules
monocytes - Answers✔Mononuclear phagocytic leukocytes
After circulating for about 8 hours, mature into macrophages
Macrophages - Answers✔Reside in specific tissues
Have a variety of surface receptors
Named according to tissue in which they reside
dendritic cells - Answers✔Present in small numbers in blood, skin, and mucous membranes of
nose, lungs, and intestines
1
, ©FYNDLAY.
Contact, phagocytose and process antigens -> display foreign antigens on their surfaces
Lymphocytes - Answers✔Major cells of the immune system
Major populations include T cells, B cells and null cells (which include natural killer , or NK,
cells)
B lymphocytes (B cells) - Answers✔Mature in bone marrow
Circulate in blood
Can settle in lymphoid organs
After maturation and activation are called plasma cells and produce antibodies
T lymphocytes (T cells) - Answers✔Mature in thymus
Can remain in thymus, circulate in blood, or reside in lymphoid tissue
Like B cells, require antigen binding to surface receptors for activation and continuation of
replication
cytokines , chemicals that have effects on other cells, are produced and secreted by activated T
cells
natural killer cells (NK cells) - Answers✔Small population of large non-phagocytic granular
lymphocytes
Kill malignant cells and cells infected w pathogens
Two ways of recognizing target cells
Bind to antibodies which coat infected or malignant cells (antibody-dependent cell-mediated
cytotoxicity ADCC)
Recognize and kill cells that have lost their class I major histocompatibility antigen due to
presence of virus or cancer
primary organs and tissues - Answers✔Sites where lymphocytes mature and differentiate into
antigen-sensitive mature B and T cells
secondary organs and tissues - Answers✔areas where lymphocytes may encounter and bind
antigen
Followed by proliferation and differentiation into fully mature effector cells
lymphoid tissues - Answers✔Located throughout the body
Serve as interface between nonspecific (innate) and specific (acquired) host immunity
Act as areas of antigen sampling and processing
Some lymphoid cells are found closely associated with specific tissues
2
