NURS 3000- FINAL REVIEW questions with verified
answers
Ethics in CHN Practice Ans✔✔-CHNs focus on protecting, promoting,
preserving, and maintaining health while preventing disease. These
goals reflect the ethical principles of promoting good and preventing
harm.
- Nightingale is considered nursings first moral leader/ CHN. Her pledge
is considered to be nursing's first code of ethics
Ethical decision making: involves making decisions in an orderly
process that considers ethical principles, client values and abilities, and
professional obligations, and it occurs when health care providers make
decisions about ethical issues and concerns in practice
Types of Ethical Experiences /Situations Ans✔✔-Ethical problems are
conflicts between one or more values and include uncertainty about the
right course of action
Ethical uncertainty: is a feeling of indecision or a lack of clarity about a
matter, accompanied by a sense of unease or discomfort
Ethical dilemmas involve equally compelling reasons for and against
two or more possible courses of action
Ethical (moral) distress involves knowing the right thing to do but—for
various reasons—being unable to take the right action or prevent
potential harm
Ethical disengagement can arise if the disregard of ethical commitments
is seen as normal
Ethical violations are actions or failures to act that breach fundamental
duties to others, such as clients and co-workers
,Ethical courage is shown when a nurse stands firm on a point of moral
principle in the face of fear or threat to oneself
Social Justice Ans✔✔-Fair distribution of society's benefits,
responsibilities and their consequences
- Focus on the relative position of one social group in relation to others
in society + the root cause of disparities and what can be done to
eliminate them
- Ensuring Fairness and Equality in health services
- central tenant in providing ethical practice
Grounded in 4 key ideas: fairness, relative position, understanding root
cause, taking action to eliminate inequalities
Health Equity VS Inequity Ans✔✔-Equity: Fair distribution of
resources needed for health, fair access to opportunities available, and
fairness in support offered to people when ill
Inequity: Health differences between population groups defined in
social, economic, demographic/geographic terms that are unfair,
avoidable, and systematic in nature
Relational Ethics Ans✔✔-● approaches would argue that when
considering how to act and think, CHNs must consider the relationships
they have with their clients and how those relationships are influenced
by their thoughts and actions
- Relationships are the starting point of ethical inquiry
- suggests that individuals often apply their personal values within their
social world
,- helps CHNs reflect on how they ought to act and think in relation to
others, and to consider the relationships they have with their clients in an
effort to provide ethically sound nursing care and make ethical decisions
in the community setting.
Principalism Ans✔✔-approach to problem solving in Bioethics
4 key Foundations
1. Autonomy- The right to choose
2. Nonmaleficence: Do no harm
3. Beneficence: Do Good
4. Distributive Justice: Fair distribution of benefits and burdens
Harm Principle Ans✔✔-take action to prevent harm to others
- It sets out the justification to take action to restrict the liberty of an
individual or a group in order to prevent harm to others.
Ex: a person with TB living in a crowded shelter and placing others at
risk (must restrict this individual)
Principle of Least Restrictive means Ans✔✔-full authority & power
used only for exceptional circumstances
- Recognize that a variety of means exist to achieve public health needs;
education, facilitation and discussion should proceed any restrictive or
coercive measures.
- full authority and power of public health officials should be used only
in exceptional circumstances
, Ex: Restricts movement of individuals for covid
- Public health legislation is the only piece that can put restrictions on
society
Reciprocity Principle Ans✔✔-If public action is warranted,
compensation be given
- Society is obligated to support individuals and communities in their
efforts to comply with PH action. Complying with PH requests can place
an added burden on individuals or communities. Therefore, resources
must also be put in place to support action.
- Ex: wage subsidies (if you are forced to stay home you should get
compensation)
- Ex: providing the TB patient with alternate housing
Transparency Principle Ans✔✔-Manner and context in which decisions
are made.
- All key stakeholders, especially clients, should be involved in the
decision, and clear communication should be provided.
- Communication side; clear communication needs to be provided
- CHNs can answer the question of whether the need for a public health
intervention exists by applying ethical principles to the decision-making
process.
vaccines Ans✔✔-use the principles of acquired immunity by:
- intentional exposure to inactivated or live attenuated forms of a
pathogen and then inducing a specific immune response
answers
Ethics in CHN Practice Ans✔✔-CHNs focus on protecting, promoting,
preserving, and maintaining health while preventing disease. These
goals reflect the ethical principles of promoting good and preventing
harm.
- Nightingale is considered nursings first moral leader/ CHN. Her pledge
is considered to be nursing's first code of ethics
Ethical decision making: involves making decisions in an orderly
process that considers ethical principles, client values and abilities, and
professional obligations, and it occurs when health care providers make
decisions about ethical issues and concerns in practice
Types of Ethical Experiences /Situations Ans✔✔-Ethical problems are
conflicts between one or more values and include uncertainty about the
right course of action
Ethical uncertainty: is a feeling of indecision or a lack of clarity about a
matter, accompanied by a sense of unease or discomfort
Ethical dilemmas involve equally compelling reasons for and against
two or more possible courses of action
Ethical (moral) distress involves knowing the right thing to do but—for
various reasons—being unable to take the right action or prevent
potential harm
Ethical disengagement can arise if the disregard of ethical commitments
is seen as normal
Ethical violations are actions or failures to act that breach fundamental
duties to others, such as clients and co-workers
,Ethical courage is shown when a nurse stands firm on a point of moral
principle in the face of fear or threat to oneself
Social Justice Ans✔✔-Fair distribution of society's benefits,
responsibilities and their consequences
- Focus on the relative position of one social group in relation to others
in society + the root cause of disparities and what can be done to
eliminate them
- Ensuring Fairness and Equality in health services
- central tenant in providing ethical practice
Grounded in 4 key ideas: fairness, relative position, understanding root
cause, taking action to eliminate inequalities
Health Equity VS Inequity Ans✔✔-Equity: Fair distribution of
resources needed for health, fair access to opportunities available, and
fairness in support offered to people when ill
Inequity: Health differences between population groups defined in
social, economic, demographic/geographic terms that are unfair,
avoidable, and systematic in nature
Relational Ethics Ans✔✔-● approaches would argue that when
considering how to act and think, CHNs must consider the relationships
they have with their clients and how those relationships are influenced
by their thoughts and actions
- Relationships are the starting point of ethical inquiry
- suggests that individuals often apply their personal values within their
social world
,- helps CHNs reflect on how they ought to act and think in relation to
others, and to consider the relationships they have with their clients in an
effort to provide ethically sound nursing care and make ethical decisions
in the community setting.
Principalism Ans✔✔-approach to problem solving in Bioethics
4 key Foundations
1. Autonomy- The right to choose
2. Nonmaleficence: Do no harm
3. Beneficence: Do Good
4. Distributive Justice: Fair distribution of benefits and burdens
Harm Principle Ans✔✔-take action to prevent harm to others
- It sets out the justification to take action to restrict the liberty of an
individual or a group in order to prevent harm to others.
Ex: a person with TB living in a crowded shelter and placing others at
risk (must restrict this individual)
Principle of Least Restrictive means Ans✔✔-full authority & power
used only for exceptional circumstances
- Recognize that a variety of means exist to achieve public health needs;
education, facilitation and discussion should proceed any restrictive or
coercive measures.
- full authority and power of public health officials should be used only
in exceptional circumstances
, Ex: Restricts movement of individuals for covid
- Public health legislation is the only piece that can put restrictions on
society
Reciprocity Principle Ans✔✔-If public action is warranted,
compensation be given
- Society is obligated to support individuals and communities in their
efforts to comply with PH action. Complying with PH requests can place
an added burden on individuals or communities. Therefore, resources
must also be put in place to support action.
- Ex: wage subsidies (if you are forced to stay home you should get
compensation)
- Ex: providing the TB patient with alternate housing
Transparency Principle Ans✔✔-Manner and context in which decisions
are made.
- All key stakeholders, especially clients, should be involved in the
decision, and clear communication should be provided.
- Communication side; clear communication needs to be provided
- CHNs can answer the question of whether the need for a public health
intervention exists by applying ethical principles to the decision-making
process.
vaccines Ans✔✔-use the principles of acquired immunity by:
- intentional exposure to inactivated or live attenuated forms of a
pathogen and then inducing a specific immune response
