FAD 2230 Exam 3 Questions and
Answers
family ecology perspective - Answer-tells us that workplace requirements impact family living
Family life is influenced by - Answer-cultural expectations and social structures external to it
Gender and the work-family interface - Answer-When social institutions are not well integrated,
individuals who play roles in both institutions experience role conflict.
Expectations for traditional gender roles still persist, but there has been much change in recent years.
Male provider role - Answer-Men work more hours and are more likely to work full-time.
Heterosexual men continue to be primary breadwinners in the majority of couples
Involved fathers work fewer hours than childless men so they can participate more at home.
Stay-at-home dads stay home to do domestic work while their wives are employed; they make up a
small minority of men.
Women's work and family roles - Answer-Women's involvement in the workforce really took off in the
20th century.
,Stagnant and declining earnings for men in the second part of the 20th century led more families to rely
on a second earner.
Mothers of young children were the last women to move into the labor force.
Occupational segregation - Answer-Pronounced tendency for men and women to be employed in
different types of jobs
Jobs typically held by men and women differ within major occupational categories, with men more likely
to hold the upper-level jobs.
Women are more likely to occupy the lower-paying ranks.
The female-male wage gap - Answer-The wage gap is the difference in earnings between men and
women.
Women on average earned 79% of what men earned in 2014.
It varies considerably depending on occupation and tends to be greater in the more elite, higher paying
occupations.
Even if she has no plans to do so, however, women must still contend with employers' assumptions that
she will opt out of the labor force to care for her children.
The motherhood penalty:Motherhood has a tremendous negative lifetime impact on earnings.
Stay-at-home moms - Answer-In 2015 about 26% of heterosexual, coupled mothers with children under
age 15 were not in the labor force (compared with 46% in 1970).
Today's generation of new professional mothers is more likely than their own mothers to plan career
pauses or limit their working hours.
Neotraditional families find that a traditional division of labor is the ideal.
Most likely found in middle and working classes of the outer suburbs and in rural areas.
Economic pressures force many neotraditional women into the labor force, though they are likely to
work part-time or in-home as much as possible or take substantial time off when children are small.
, Dual-income families - Answer-As recently as 1968, there were equal proportions of dual-earner and
provider-housewife couples: 45% of each.
Today, two-earner partnerships, in which both partners are in the labor force, are the statistical norm
among married couples.
Options for Working Couples:
Two-career partnerships
Part-time employment
Shift work
Working at home
Two-career partnerships - Answer-Careers differ from jobs in that they hold the promise of
advancement and demand a high degree of commitment. For two-career couples with children, family
life can be hectic, as partners juggle schedules, chores, and child care.
Most two-earner partnerships would not be classified as twocareer because one or both partner's
employment does not have the features of a career.
Part-time employment - Answer-About 26% of women and 13% of men worked part time in 2014.
Childcare problems impact work arrangements significantly
Shift work and variations - Answer-Any work schedule in which more than half an employee's hours are
before 8 a.m. or after 4 p.m.
In one-quarter of all two-earner couples, at least one spouse does shift work; one in three if they have
children. With just-in-time scheduling, companies call in employees to work exactly when they are
needed, often at the last minute.
Shift work is associated with a decrease in marital stability.
Work from home - Answer-Home-based work has increased dramatically over the past decades.
Home-based work used to involve piecework, sewing, or flower making.
Answers
family ecology perspective - Answer-tells us that workplace requirements impact family living
Family life is influenced by - Answer-cultural expectations and social structures external to it
Gender and the work-family interface - Answer-When social institutions are not well integrated,
individuals who play roles in both institutions experience role conflict.
Expectations for traditional gender roles still persist, but there has been much change in recent years.
Male provider role - Answer-Men work more hours and are more likely to work full-time.
Heterosexual men continue to be primary breadwinners in the majority of couples
Involved fathers work fewer hours than childless men so they can participate more at home.
Stay-at-home dads stay home to do domestic work while their wives are employed; they make up a
small minority of men.
Women's work and family roles - Answer-Women's involvement in the workforce really took off in the
20th century.
,Stagnant and declining earnings for men in the second part of the 20th century led more families to rely
on a second earner.
Mothers of young children were the last women to move into the labor force.
Occupational segregation - Answer-Pronounced tendency for men and women to be employed in
different types of jobs
Jobs typically held by men and women differ within major occupational categories, with men more likely
to hold the upper-level jobs.
Women are more likely to occupy the lower-paying ranks.
The female-male wage gap - Answer-The wage gap is the difference in earnings between men and
women.
Women on average earned 79% of what men earned in 2014.
It varies considerably depending on occupation and tends to be greater in the more elite, higher paying
occupations.
Even if she has no plans to do so, however, women must still contend with employers' assumptions that
she will opt out of the labor force to care for her children.
The motherhood penalty:Motherhood has a tremendous negative lifetime impact on earnings.
Stay-at-home moms - Answer-In 2015 about 26% of heterosexual, coupled mothers with children under
age 15 were not in the labor force (compared with 46% in 1970).
Today's generation of new professional mothers is more likely than their own mothers to plan career
pauses or limit their working hours.
Neotraditional families find that a traditional division of labor is the ideal.
Most likely found in middle and working classes of the outer suburbs and in rural areas.
Economic pressures force many neotraditional women into the labor force, though they are likely to
work part-time or in-home as much as possible or take substantial time off when children are small.
, Dual-income families - Answer-As recently as 1968, there were equal proportions of dual-earner and
provider-housewife couples: 45% of each.
Today, two-earner partnerships, in which both partners are in the labor force, are the statistical norm
among married couples.
Options for Working Couples:
Two-career partnerships
Part-time employment
Shift work
Working at home
Two-career partnerships - Answer-Careers differ from jobs in that they hold the promise of
advancement and demand a high degree of commitment. For two-career couples with children, family
life can be hectic, as partners juggle schedules, chores, and child care.
Most two-earner partnerships would not be classified as twocareer because one or both partner's
employment does not have the features of a career.
Part-time employment - Answer-About 26% of women and 13% of men worked part time in 2014.
Childcare problems impact work arrangements significantly
Shift work and variations - Answer-Any work schedule in which more than half an employee's hours are
before 8 a.m. or after 4 p.m.
In one-quarter of all two-earner couples, at least one spouse does shift work; one in three if they have
children. With just-in-time scheduling, companies call in employees to work exactly when they are
needed, often at the last minute.
Shift work is associated with a decrease in marital stability.
Work from home - Answer-Home-based work has increased dramatically over the past decades.
Home-based work used to involve piecework, sewing, or flower making.
