BIOCH 310- FINAL TEST WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTION
ATP synthase is driven by what - ANSWER proton-motive force
what are the components of ATP synthase? - ANSWER F0 (proton conducting
component)
- c10-15 ring
- a porin
- b2 connector
F1(catalytic component)
- alpha-beta
- gamma/epsilon
- omega
binding-change mechanism for ATP synthase in the alpha-beta subunit - ANSWER 3
binding sites = L, O, T
O = open confirmation, low affinity for substrate and products
L = loose confirmation
T = tight confirmation, catalytic
1. ADP + Pi binds at L
2. Rotational energy input via the proton motive force causes the conformational change
of L >>> T, T >>>> O and O >>>> L
3. ATP that was in the T state is now in the O state and is released
4. Subsequently the ADP + Pi in T state spontaneously forms ATP
5. This ATP in T state during a rotation is again changed to O
6. ATP is released and then site becomes the L state where a new ADP + Pi binds
a complete rotation of ATP synthase generates how much:
a) ATP
,b) moves how many H+ - ANSWER a) 3
b)9H+
what transmembrane proteins does ATP synthase rely on? - ANSWER 1. adenine
nucleotide translocase (antiporter)
- brings ADP into matrix and ATP out into the IM space
2. H+ phosphate sympoter
- moves Pi and H+ from IM space into matrix
the P/O ratio relates to what?
- P/O ratio for NADH
- P/O ratio for FADH2 - ANSWER amount of ATP synthesized: amount of O2 consumed
- NADH = ~2.5 b/c 10H+ generated as 2e- move though ETC and 4H+ needed for each
ATP produced via ATP synthase
- FADH2 = ~1.5 b/c 6H+ generated as 2e- move though ETC and 4H+ needed for each
ATP produced via ATP synthase (bypasses complex 1)
What did the racker experiment determine? - ANSWER electro gradient drives ATP
synthase NOT e- transport
- artificial system consisting of a membrane, a bacterial proton pump activated by light,
and ATP synthase. They measured the concentration of protons in the external medium
and the amount of ATP produced in the presence and absence of light.
uncoupling of ETC from mito ATP synthase in _______ is done to produce ______
what protein allows for this to be facilitated? - ANSWER brown adipose tissue; heat
uncoupling protein (thermogenin)
approximately how efficient in glucose oxidation - ANSWER ~34%
how does thermogenin/ 2,4-DNP uncouple mito? - ANSWER shunt H+ into the matrix
away from ATP synthase = prevents the energy stored in the electrochemical gradient
from being used by ATP synthase instead this energy is released as heat.
As ATP is low = ADP is high = H+ gradient is low = electron flow increases = increased
reoxidation of NADH = low NADH:NAD+ ratio
CAC would increase to replace NADH/FADH2 to be reoxidized by ETC
increased oxygen consumption in an attempt by the cell to restore the H+ gradient?
decreased activity of ATP synthase?
,what is oxidative phosphorylation general limited by (3) - ANSWER 1. supply of ADP & Pi
2. NADH/NAD+
3. O2 availability
when there is low ADP in the mitochondria this mean there is ______ activity of ATP
synthase, ______ proton gradient, ______ electron flow_________ deoxidation of NADH
which causes a ______ NADH:NAD+ ratio - ANSWER low; high; low; low; high
Oligomycin - ANSWER Blocks proton channel in ATP synthase. No ATP made, thus
inhibits ATP synthase
what are the 2 types of transporter inhibitors which effect oxidative phosphorylation? -
ANSWER 1. Atractyloside = inhibits the adenosine nucleotide translocase (anitporter
which moves ADP into matrix and ATP out)
2. N-ethylmaleimide = inhibits phosphate translocase (symporter which moves Pi and H+
into the matrix)
What is the net number of water molecules produced during the complete aerobic
oxidation of 1 molecule of lactate to CO2 and water?
Ignore water produced via ATP synthase - ANSWER 4H2O
- lactate to pyruvate = 1 NADH
- PDC = 1 NADH
- CAC = 1 FADH2 and 3 NADH
NADH/FADH2 go to ETC where converted to H2O @ complex IV
CAC uses 2 H2O
6-2 = 4
What is the net number of water molecules produced during the complete aerobic
oxidation of 1 molecule of glucose to CO2 and water?
Ignore water produced via ATP synthase - ANSWER 10H2O
, - glycolysis = 2 H2O and 2 NADH
- PDC = 2NADH
- CAC= 2 FADH2 and 6 NADH
NADH/FADH2 go to ETC where converted to H2O @ complex IV
CAC uses 4 H2O (2 acetyl-coA)
14-4 = 10
What is the net number of water molecules produced during the complete aerobic
oxidation of 1 molecule of ethanol to CO2 and water?
Ignore water produced via ATP synthase - ANSWER 4H2O
- ethanol to pyruvate = 1 NADH
- PDC = 1 NADH
- CAC = 1 FADH2 and 3 NADH
NADH/FADH2 go to ETC where converted to H2O @ complex IV
CAC uses 2 H2O
6-2 = 4
What is the net number of water molecules produced during the complete aerobic
oxidation of 1 molecule of pyruvate to CO2 and water?
Ignore water produced via ATP synthase - ANSWER 3 H2O
- PDC = 1 NADH
- CAC = 1 FADH2 and 3 NADH
VERIFIED SOLUTION
ATP synthase is driven by what - ANSWER proton-motive force
what are the components of ATP synthase? - ANSWER F0 (proton conducting
component)
- c10-15 ring
- a porin
- b2 connector
F1(catalytic component)
- alpha-beta
- gamma/epsilon
- omega
binding-change mechanism for ATP synthase in the alpha-beta subunit - ANSWER 3
binding sites = L, O, T
O = open confirmation, low affinity for substrate and products
L = loose confirmation
T = tight confirmation, catalytic
1. ADP + Pi binds at L
2. Rotational energy input via the proton motive force causes the conformational change
of L >>> T, T >>>> O and O >>>> L
3. ATP that was in the T state is now in the O state and is released
4. Subsequently the ADP + Pi in T state spontaneously forms ATP
5. This ATP in T state during a rotation is again changed to O
6. ATP is released and then site becomes the L state where a new ADP + Pi binds
a complete rotation of ATP synthase generates how much:
a) ATP
,b) moves how many H+ - ANSWER a) 3
b)9H+
what transmembrane proteins does ATP synthase rely on? - ANSWER 1. adenine
nucleotide translocase (antiporter)
- brings ADP into matrix and ATP out into the IM space
2. H+ phosphate sympoter
- moves Pi and H+ from IM space into matrix
the P/O ratio relates to what?
- P/O ratio for NADH
- P/O ratio for FADH2 - ANSWER amount of ATP synthesized: amount of O2 consumed
- NADH = ~2.5 b/c 10H+ generated as 2e- move though ETC and 4H+ needed for each
ATP produced via ATP synthase
- FADH2 = ~1.5 b/c 6H+ generated as 2e- move though ETC and 4H+ needed for each
ATP produced via ATP synthase (bypasses complex 1)
What did the racker experiment determine? - ANSWER electro gradient drives ATP
synthase NOT e- transport
- artificial system consisting of a membrane, a bacterial proton pump activated by light,
and ATP synthase. They measured the concentration of protons in the external medium
and the amount of ATP produced in the presence and absence of light.
uncoupling of ETC from mito ATP synthase in _______ is done to produce ______
what protein allows for this to be facilitated? - ANSWER brown adipose tissue; heat
uncoupling protein (thermogenin)
approximately how efficient in glucose oxidation - ANSWER ~34%
how does thermogenin/ 2,4-DNP uncouple mito? - ANSWER shunt H+ into the matrix
away from ATP synthase = prevents the energy stored in the electrochemical gradient
from being used by ATP synthase instead this energy is released as heat.
As ATP is low = ADP is high = H+ gradient is low = electron flow increases = increased
reoxidation of NADH = low NADH:NAD+ ratio
CAC would increase to replace NADH/FADH2 to be reoxidized by ETC
increased oxygen consumption in an attempt by the cell to restore the H+ gradient?
decreased activity of ATP synthase?
,what is oxidative phosphorylation general limited by (3) - ANSWER 1. supply of ADP & Pi
2. NADH/NAD+
3. O2 availability
when there is low ADP in the mitochondria this mean there is ______ activity of ATP
synthase, ______ proton gradient, ______ electron flow_________ deoxidation of NADH
which causes a ______ NADH:NAD+ ratio - ANSWER low; high; low; low; high
Oligomycin - ANSWER Blocks proton channel in ATP synthase. No ATP made, thus
inhibits ATP synthase
what are the 2 types of transporter inhibitors which effect oxidative phosphorylation? -
ANSWER 1. Atractyloside = inhibits the adenosine nucleotide translocase (anitporter
which moves ADP into matrix and ATP out)
2. N-ethylmaleimide = inhibits phosphate translocase (symporter which moves Pi and H+
into the matrix)
What is the net number of water molecules produced during the complete aerobic
oxidation of 1 molecule of lactate to CO2 and water?
Ignore water produced via ATP synthase - ANSWER 4H2O
- lactate to pyruvate = 1 NADH
- PDC = 1 NADH
- CAC = 1 FADH2 and 3 NADH
NADH/FADH2 go to ETC where converted to H2O @ complex IV
CAC uses 2 H2O
6-2 = 4
What is the net number of water molecules produced during the complete aerobic
oxidation of 1 molecule of glucose to CO2 and water?
Ignore water produced via ATP synthase - ANSWER 10H2O
, - glycolysis = 2 H2O and 2 NADH
- PDC = 2NADH
- CAC= 2 FADH2 and 6 NADH
NADH/FADH2 go to ETC where converted to H2O @ complex IV
CAC uses 4 H2O (2 acetyl-coA)
14-4 = 10
What is the net number of water molecules produced during the complete aerobic
oxidation of 1 molecule of ethanol to CO2 and water?
Ignore water produced via ATP synthase - ANSWER 4H2O
- ethanol to pyruvate = 1 NADH
- PDC = 1 NADH
- CAC = 1 FADH2 and 3 NADH
NADH/FADH2 go to ETC where converted to H2O @ complex IV
CAC uses 2 H2O
6-2 = 4
What is the net number of water molecules produced during the complete aerobic
oxidation of 1 molecule of pyruvate to CO2 and water?
Ignore water produced via ATP synthase - ANSWER 3 H2O
- PDC = 1 NADH
- CAC = 1 FADH2 and 3 NADH
