©BRIGHTSTRS EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NUTR*3330 – Phytoestrogens Exam
Questions With Verified Answers
Phytoestrogens definition - Answers✔NON-steroidal plant compound that is able to exert
estrogenic effects
3 sub-types of phytoestrogens - Answers✔1. Isoflavones
2. Lignans
3. Coumestans
Isoflavones - Answers✔- Major class of Phytoes.
- Highest in legumes 9soybeans specifically)
3 major glycoside forms of isoflavones in soy - Answers✔1. Genistin
2. Daidzin
3. Glycitin
- 60/30/10 proportions
3 major aglycone forms of isoflavones in soy - Answers✔1. Genistein
2. Daidzein
3. Glycietin
Where are isoflavone precursors present? - Answers✔red clover
Daidzein precursor - Answers✔Formononetin
Genistein precursor - Answers✔Biochanin A
Where are isoflavone precursors converted into isoflavones? - Answers✔Intestines
Important concepts for intake estimates - Answers✔- units
- glycoside or aglycone
1
, ©BRIGHTSTRS EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
- specific precursor or isoflavone
- database accuracy
- major food sources being used
Do glycoside units over or underestimate isoflavone intake? - Answers✔Overestimate due to the
carb attached
Importance of an isoflavone database - Answers✔Increases accuracy of intake estimates and
relation of isoflavone intake to disease risk
Key to isoflavone absorption - Answers✔Intestinal bacteria
Implications of intestinal bacteria being significant - Answers✔Different gut biomes can
potentially play an important role in absorption, therefore, analyzing gut biomes of individuals
might be needed to evaluate isoflavone consuming effects
What needs to be done to analyze after absorption? - Answers✔Deconjugate the glucuronic acid
or sulfate that conjugated in the body to yield the aglycone
Isoflavone metabolites - Answers✔- p-ethyl phenol
- equol, ODMA
Metabolite of daidzein - Answers✔Equol
Unique properties of Equol - Answers✔- only 30-40% of population excrete it in their urine
- One of the most potent of iso. and metabolites
- Binds estrogen receptor w/ highest affinity
- Longer half-life
- Inverse relationship with breast cancer risk
Potential health effects of soy isoflavones - Answers✔Cancer (hormonal dependent)
CVD
osteoporosis
Menopausal symptoms
Cognitive function
Clover Disease with sheep - Answers✔- fertility problem in female sheep
- attributed to isoflavone precursors present in red clover
2
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NUTR*3330 – Phytoestrogens Exam
Questions With Verified Answers
Phytoestrogens definition - Answers✔NON-steroidal plant compound that is able to exert
estrogenic effects
3 sub-types of phytoestrogens - Answers✔1. Isoflavones
2. Lignans
3. Coumestans
Isoflavones - Answers✔- Major class of Phytoes.
- Highest in legumes 9soybeans specifically)
3 major glycoside forms of isoflavones in soy - Answers✔1. Genistin
2. Daidzin
3. Glycitin
- 60/30/10 proportions
3 major aglycone forms of isoflavones in soy - Answers✔1. Genistein
2. Daidzein
3. Glycietin
Where are isoflavone precursors present? - Answers✔red clover
Daidzein precursor - Answers✔Formononetin
Genistein precursor - Answers✔Biochanin A
Where are isoflavone precursors converted into isoflavones? - Answers✔Intestines
Important concepts for intake estimates - Answers✔- units
- glycoside or aglycone
1
, ©BRIGHTSTRS EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
- specific precursor or isoflavone
- database accuracy
- major food sources being used
Do glycoside units over or underestimate isoflavone intake? - Answers✔Overestimate due to the
carb attached
Importance of an isoflavone database - Answers✔Increases accuracy of intake estimates and
relation of isoflavone intake to disease risk
Key to isoflavone absorption - Answers✔Intestinal bacteria
Implications of intestinal bacteria being significant - Answers✔Different gut biomes can
potentially play an important role in absorption, therefore, analyzing gut biomes of individuals
might be needed to evaluate isoflavone consuming effects
What needs to be done to analyze after absorption? - Answers✔Deconjugate the glucuronic acid
or sulfate that conjugated in the body to yield the aglycone
Isoflavone metabolites - Answers✔- p-ethyl phenol
- equol, ODMA
Metabolite of daidzein - Answers✔Equol
Unique properties of Equol - Answers✔- only 30-40% of population excrete it in their urine
- One of the most potent of iso. and metabolites
- Binds estrogen receptor w/ highest affinity
- Longer half-life
- Inverse relationship with breast cancer risk
Potential health effects of soy isoflavones - Answers✔Cancer (hormonal dependent)
CVD
osteoporosis
Menopausal symptoms
Cognitive function
Clover Disease with sheep - Answers✔- fertility problem in female sheep
- attributed to isoflavone precursors present in red clover
2
