NURSING FINAL EXAM Questions And
Answers A+ Guide
How can you estimate a client's tidal volume? - correct answers✅✅Tidal
volume can be estimated by observing the depth of the client's respirations.
What is the range of normal for an adult's respiratory rate? - correct
answers✅✅A rate of 12 to 20 breaths per minute is normal for adults
Besides the rate, what other characteristics of a client's respirations should
you observe? - correct answers✅✅Depth, rhythm, effort, breath sounds,
and chest movement should be observed in addition to rate.
What are some common clinical signs associated with poor oxygenation? -
correct answers✅✅Pallor or cyanosis of the nails, lips, or skin;
restlessness; apprehension; confusion; dizziness; fatigue; changes in pulse
and blood pressure; and decreased level of consciousness are associated
with poor oxygenation.
Which of the Korotkoff sounds would you record as the systolic pressure? -
correct answers✅✅First
Which of the Korotkoff sounds would you record as the diastolic pressure? -
correct answers✅✅Fifth
A nurse is auscultating a BP. He hears the first sound at 170 mm Hg. The
sound disappears immediately. At 150 mm Hg, the sound appears again and
continues until there is silence at 80 mm Hg. The pressures were taken in the
client's right arm while the client was lying down.
How should the nurse record these pressures? - correct answers✅✅BP RA,
supine, 170/80 with an auscultatory gap from 170 to 150
,NURSING FINAL EXAM Questions And
Answers A+ Guide
How do you explain what happened? - correct answers✅✅An auscultatory
gap occurred. A gap is most commonly heard in hypertensive clients, whose
systolic blood pressure is higher than the adult normal limit of 140 mm Hg.
Which of the following patients has hypertension? One with a BP of:
150/80 on two separate occasions
180/100 on one occasion
138/88 on two occasions - correct answers✅✅150/80 on two separate
occasions
Which of the following client(s) has/have primary hypertension?
Client A, who is obese and has a high sodium intake
Client B, who is in renal failure
Client C, who has hypertension induced by pregnancy
Client D, who has a family history of hypertension - correct
answers✅✅Client D, who has a family history of hypertension
What are five functions of the skin? - correct answers✅✅The skin serves
five functions: protection, sensation, temperature regulation,
secretion/excretion, and formation of vitamin D.
How does the skin help regulate body temperature? - correct
answers✅✅The skin contains sensory organs or receptors for heat and
cold. The skin regulates temperature through the process of dilating and
constricting blood vessels and activating or inactivating sweat glands. The
sweat glands found in the axillae and external genitalia secrete fatty acids
and proteins and excrete perspiration, which produces a cooling effect as the
moisture evaporates from the skin.
,NURSING FINAL EXAM Questions And
Answers A+ Guide
What changes take place in the skin as a person ages - correct
answers✅✅With age, both layers of the skin become thinner and more
fragile. As collagen and elastin fibers in the dermis deteriorate, the skin
becomes wrinkled. Sebaceous and sweat gland activity decreases, causing
the skin to become dry, scaly, and itchy, and temperature regulation in hot
weather becomes more difficult. As the number and activity of hair follicles
and pigment cells (melanocytes) diminishes, hair becomes thin, turns gray or
white, and grows more slowly. Nails thicken and growth decreases. These
changes increase the risk for skin problems.
True or false: The professional nurse is responsible for making assessments. -
correct answers✅✅True
True or false: Assisting with the bath is an excellent time to assess the
patient. - correct answers✅✅True
To inspect for pallor in a dark-skinned person, which areas would you assess
for an ashen gray or yellow color? - correct answers✅✅For dark-skinned
persons, the conjunctivae, buccal mucosa, tongue, lips, nail beds, palms, and
soles should be assessed for pallor.
What is the term that means "a bluish color of the skin"? - correct
answers✅✅Cyanosis means a bluish discoloration of the skin.
Name two causes of erythema. - correct answers✅✅Vasodilation and
inflammation are causes of erythema.
Where can you best see jaundice? - correct answers✅✅The sclera of the
eyes is the best place to see jaundice
, NURSING FINAL EXAM Questions And
Answers A+ Guide
True or false: Healthy nails are usually clean, smooth, and convexly curved -
correct answers✅✅True
List at least three nail changes that occur with aging. - correct
answers✅✅As a person ages, the nails thicken, become ridged, and may
yellow or become concave in shape.
List at least four things you should teach clients about self-care of their nails.
- correct answers✅✅Answer:
Clients should be taught the following self-care of their nails:
● Inspect the nails daily.
● Trim nails with a nail clipper (people with diabetes or circulatory problems
should file only, as cutting poses a risk for injury to the tissues).
● File the nails straight across, rounding the corners slightly to prevent
scratching; do not cut deeply into the lateral corners, as this may cause
ingrown nails.
● Remove hangnails by carefully cutting them off.
● Clean under the nails with an orangewood stick or other blunt instrument.
● Push back the cuticles gently.
● Use a moisturizing lotion to soften cuticles.
● Avoid biting nails.
● Consult a podiatrist for any ingrown toenails or other nail problems.
● Recommend to patients with diabetes, circulatory insufficiency, or nail
problems that they seek nail care from a podiatrist.
List at least four assessments you should make of a patient's hair. - correct
answers✅✅The following assessments should be made on a patient's hair:
● Use of special products or medicated shampoos
Answers A+ Guide
How can you estimate a client's tidal volume? - correct answers✅✅Tidal
volume can be estimated by observing the depth of the client's respirations.
What is the range of normal for an adult's respiratory rate? - correct
answers✅✅A rate of 12 to 20 breaths per minute is normal for adults
Besides the rate, what other characteristics of a client's respirations should
you observe? - correct answers✅✅Depth, rhythm, effort, breath sounds,
and chest movement should be observed in addition to rate.
What are some common clinical signs associated with poor oxygenation? -
correct answers✅✅Pallor or cyanosis of the nails, lips, or skin;
restlessness; apprehension; confusion; dizziness; fatigue; changes in pulse
and blood pressure; and decreased level of consciousness are associated
with poor oxygenation.
Which of the Korotkoff sounds would you record as the systolic pressure? -
correct answers✅✅First
Which of the Korotkoff sounds would you record as the diastolic pressure? -
correct answers✅✅Fifth
A nurse is auscultating a BP. He hears the first sound at 170 mm Hg. The
sound disappears immediately. At 150 mm Hg, the sound appears again and
continues until there is silence at 80 mm Hg. The pressures were taken in the
client's right arm while the client was lying down.
How should the nurse record these pressures? - correct answers✅✅BP RA,
supine, 170/80 with an auscultatory gap from 170 to 150
,NURSING FINAL EXAM Questions And
Answers A+ Guide
How do you explain what happened? - correct answers✅✅An auscultatory
gap occurred. A gap is most commonly heard in hypertensive clients, whose
systolic blood pressure is higher than the adult normal limit of 140 mm Hg.
Which of the following patients has hypertension? One with a BP of:
150/80 on two separate occasions
180/100 on one occasion
138/88 on two occasions - correct answers✅✅150/80 on two separate
occasions
Which of the following client(s) has/have primary hypertension?
Client A, who is obese and has a high sodium intake
Client B, who is in renal failure
Client C, who has hypertension induced by pregnancy
Client D, who has a family history of hypertension - correct
answers✅✅Client D, who has a family history of hypertension
What are five functions of the skin? - correct answers✅✅The skin serves
five functions: protection, sensation, temperature regulation,
secretion/excretion, and formation of vitamin D.
How does the skin help regulate body temperature? - correct
answers✅✅The skin contains sensory organs or receptors for heat and
cold. The skin regulates temperature through the process of dilating and
constricting blood vessels and activating or inactivating sweat glands. The
sweat glands found in the axillae and external genitalia secrete fatty acids
and proteins and excrete perspiration, which produces a cooling effect as the
moisture evaporates from the skin.
,NURSING FINAL EXAM Questions And
Answers A+ Guide
What changes take place in the skin as a person ages - correct
answers✅✅With age, both layers of the skin become thinner and more
fragile. As collagen and elastin fibers in the dermis deteriorate, the skin
becomes wrinkled. Sebaceous and sweat gland activity decreases, causing
the skin to become dry, scaly, and itchy, and temperature regulation in hot
weather becomes more difficult. As the number and activity of hair follicles
and pigment cells (melanocytes) diminishes, hair becomes thin, turns gray or
white, and grows more slowly. Nails thicken and growth decreases. These
changes increase the risk for skin problems.
True or false: The professional nurse is responsible for making assessments. -
correct answers✅✅True
True or false: Assisting with the bath is an excellent time to assess the
patient. - correct answers✅✅True
To inspect for pallor in a dark-skinned person, which areas would you assess
for an ashen gray or yellow color? - correct answers✅✅For dark-skinned
persons, the conjunctivae, buccal mucosa, tongue, lips, nail beds, palms, and
soles should be assessed for pallor.
What is the term that means "a bluish color of the skin"? - correct
answers✅✅Cyanosis means a bluish discoloration of the skin.
Name two causes of erythema. - correct answers✅✅Vasodilation and
inflammation are causes of erythema.
Where can you best see jaundice? - correct answers✅✅The sclera of the
eyes is the best place to see jaundice
, NURSING FINAL EXAM Questions And
Answers A+ Guide
True or false: Healthy nails are usually clean, smooth, and convexly curved -
correct answers✅✅True
List at least three nail changes that occur with aging. - correct
answers✅✅As a person ages, the nails thicken, become ridged, and may
yellow or become concave in shape.
List at least four things you should teach clients about self-care of their nails.
- correct answers✅✅Answer:
Clients should be taught the following self-care of their nails:
● Inspect the nails daily.
● Trim nails with a nail clipper (people with diabetes or circulatory problems
should file only, as cutting poses a risk for injury to the tissues).
● File the nails straight across, rounding the corners slightly to prevent
scratching; do not cut deeply into the lateral corners, as this may cause
ingrown nails.
● Remove hangnails by carefully cutting them off.
● Clean under the nails with an orangewood stick or other blunt instrument.
● Push back the cuticles gently.
● Use a moisturizing lotion to soften cuticles.
● Avoid biting nails.
● Consult a podiatrist for any ingrown toenails or other nail problems.
● Recommend to patients with diabetes, circulatory insufficiency, or nail
problems that they seek nail care from a podiatrist.
List at least four assessments you should make of a patient's hair. - correct
answers✅✅The following assessments should be made on a patient's hair:
● Use of special products or medicated shampoos
