GMS 6552 questions with 100% correct answers A+ rated

GMS 6552 questions with 100% correct
answers A+ rated

Most common drug target - correct answer ✔✔- receptors



Channel-linked receptors - correct answer ✔✔- ion channels open when bound to ligand

- hyperpolarization or depolarization

- milliseconds

- ex. nicotinic receptor, ACh receptor



G-protein coupled receptors - correct answer ✔✔- use second messenger systems to induce cellular
effects when bound

- seconds

- ex. muscarinic ACh receptor



Kinase-linked receptors - correct answer ✔✔- cause protein phosphorylation inducing cellular effects
when bound

-minutes

- ex. insulin receptor



Nuclear receptors - correct answer ✔✔- induce gene transcription when bound

- hours

- ex. estrogen receptor



Heterotrimeric G proteins - correct answer ✔✔- receptor

- alpha, beta, gamma - subunits

- amplify signal

- induce second messenger systems

,Alpha subunit - correct answer ✔✔- binds GTP converting to GDP



GPCR ligands - correct answer ✔✔- hormones

- neurotransmitters

- chemokines

- ions

- amino acids

- peptides

- etc.



PKA - correct answer ✔✔- protein kinase A

- activated by cyclic AMP

- enter nucleus and alter transcription



Phosphorylase kinase - correct answer ✔✔- activated by PKA

- breakdown glycogen



L-type Ca Channels - correct answer ✔✔- activated by PKA

- heart contraction



Pyruvated kinase - correct answer ✔✔- activated by PKA

- activate gylcolysis



Hormone sensitve lipase - correct answer ✔✔- activated by PKA

- cause triglyceride breakdown



CREB - correct answer ✔✔- activated by PKA

- cause gene transcription

, Adenylate cyclase - correct answer ✔✔- activated by GPCR

- cAMP as second messenger

- activate PKA



Phosphollipase C - correct answer ✔✔- activated by GPCR

- IP3 as second messenger

- increase Ca2+ causing contraction



Phospholipase A2 - correct answer ✔✔- activated by GPCR

- AA as secondary messanger

- activate eicosanoids which are released as local hormones

- activate ion channels



Protein kinase-linked receptors - correct answer ✔✔- no second messanger

1) receptors associated with cytosolic kinases (prolactin)

2) receptor tyrosine kinases (insulin)

3) receptor serine/threonin kinases (TGF-b)



Receptor tyrosine kinases - correct answer ✔✔- membrane receptors that attach phosphates to
tyrosines

-two types

1) single transmembrane spanning protiens that dimerize when ligand binds (EGF receptor, PDGF
receptor)

2) Covalently linked dimers (insulin receptor, IGF-1 receptor)



Receptor tyrosine kinase pathway - correct answer ✔✔- ligand binds > IRS proteins > PI-3 Kinase >
PKD/Akt < PDK1/2



PKB/Akt - correct answer ✔✔- activated by PI-3 Kinase & PDK1/2