GMS 6108 Exam 1 questions with
complete solutions
Describe the function of: Penicillin’s (methicillin, ampicillin) - correct answer ✔✔B-lactams
Inhibit transpeptidation
Describe the function of: cephalosporins - correct answer ✔✔B-lactams
Inhibits transpeptidation
Describe the function of: vancomycin - correct answer ✔✔Inhibits transpeptidation and transport
does so by binding D-Ala-D-Ala
too big to fit through porins of gram (-)
Describe the function of: bacitracin - correct answer ✔✔Inhibits the transport of the subunits for
peptidoglycan across membrane
too big to fir through porins of gram (-)
Describe the function of: Sulfanilamide (sulfa drugs) - correct answer ✔✔It is a PABA analog that inhibits
dihydropteroate synthetase (bacterial specific enzyme that humans do not have) to inhibit folic acid
synthesis
Describe the function of: Trimethoprim - correct answer ✔✔Inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase
This enzyme is shared between bacteria and humans but this drug has a high affinity for the bacterial
one
Describe the function of: rifampin - correct answer ✔✔Binds to the Beta subunit of the RNA polymerase
and inhibits transcription
,Describe the function of: aminoglycosides - correct answer ✔✔Streptomycin, kenamycin, gentamicin,
neomycin
Inhibit translation
Describe the function of: tetracyclines - correct answer ✔✔inhibit translation
Describe the function of: chloramphenicol - correct answer ✔✔inhibit translation
Describe the function of: macrolides - correct answer ✔✔erythromycin, azithromycin
inhibit translations
Name the aminoglycosides - correct answer ✔✔Streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and neomycin
Name the macrolides - correct answer ✔✔Erythromycin and azithromycin
Describe the function of: Nalidixic acid and quinolones - correct answer ✔✔inhibit DNA gyrase and DNA
replication
Describe the function of: Metronidazole - correct answer ✔✔incorportaed into DNA after reduction by
anaerobes, inhibiting DNA replication
Fermentation - correct answer ✔✔organic e- receptor
Respiration - correct answer ✔✔inorganic e- receptor (O2, SO4, NO3)
Functions of cytoplasmic/inner membrane - correct answer ✔✔Transport
Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation
Energy production
Motility
Replication
, (no endocytosis, actin, microtubules, etc)
Mechanisms for genetic exchange - correct answer ✔✔Transformation
Transduction
Conjugation
Transformation - correct answer ✔✔uptake of naked DNA
The recipient cell must be competent for uptake of DNA
Transduction - correct answer ✔✔bacteriophage serves as a carrier of DNA from a donor cell to a
recipient cell
Lytic phage - correct answer ✔✔always lyse host bacterial cell
Temperate phage - correct answer ✔✔can stably infect and coexist within bacteria cell (lysogeny) until a
lytic phase is induced
lysogenic conversion - correct answer ✔✔phage encodes observable function
specialized transduction - correct answer ✔✔some prophages integrate into the bacterial genome at a
specific site
When a prophage is induced to lytic phase, specific bacterial genes are packaged inside a phage and
transferred to a recipient cell
generalized transduction - correct answer ✔✔random fragments of disintegrating host DNA are picked
up by the phage during assembly; any gene can be transmitted this way
Virulence and antibiotic resistance genes can be moved by generalized transduction
Conjugation - correct answer ✔✔Plasmids can be transmissible between cells; some encode virulence
properties, antibiotic resistance
complete solutions
Describe the function of: Penicillin’s (methicillin, ampicillin) - correct answer ✔✔B-lactams
Inhibit transpeptidation
Describe the function of: cephalosporins - correct answer ✔✔B-lactams
Inhibits transpeptidation
Describe the function of: vancomycin - correct answer ✔✔Inhibits transpeptidation and transport
does so by binding D-Ala-D-Ala
too big to fit through porins of gram (-)
Describe the function of: bacitracin - correct answer ✔✔Inhibits the transport of the subunits for
peptidoglycan across membrane
too big to fir through porins of gram (-)
Describe the function of: Sulfanilamide (sulfa drugs) - correct answer ✔✔It is a PABA analog that inhibits
dihydropteroate synthetase (bacterial specific enzyme that humans do not have) to inhibit folic acid
synthesis
Describe the function of: Trimethoprim - correct answer ✔✔Inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase
This enzyme is shared between bacteria and humans but this drug has a high affinity for the bacterial
one
Describe the function of: rifampin - correct answer ✔✔Binds to the Beta subunit of the RNA polymerase
and inhibits transcription
,Describe the function of: aminoglycosides - correct answer ✔✔Streptomycin, kenamycin, gentamicin,
neomycin
Inhibit translation
Describe the function of: tetracyclines - correct answer ✔✔inhibit translation
Describe the function of: chloramphenicol - correct answer ✔✔inhibit translation
Describe the function of: macrolides - correct answer ✔✔erythromycin, azithromycin
inhibit translations
Name the aminoglycosides - correct answer ✔✔Streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and neomycin
Name the macrolides - correct answer ✔✔Erythromycin and azithromycin
Describe the function of: Nalidixic acid and quinolones - correct answer ✔✔inhibit DNA gyrase and DNA
replication
Describe the function of: Metronidazole - correct answer ✔✔incorportaed into DNA after reduction by
anaerobes, inhibiting DNA replication
Fermentation - correct answer ✔✔organic e- receptor
Respiration - correct answer ✔✔inorganic e- receptor (O2, SO4, NO3)
Functions of cytoplasmic/inner membrane - correct answer ✔✔Transport
Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation
Energy production
Motility
Replication
, (no endocytosis, actin, microtubules, etc)
Mechanisms for genetic exchange - correct answer ✔✔Transformation
Transduction
Conjugation
Transformation - correct answer ✔✔uptake of naked DNA
The recipient cell must be competent for uptake of DNA
Transduction - correct answer ✔✔bacteriophage serves as a carrier of DNA from a donor cell to a
recipient cell
Lytic phage - correct answer ✔✔always lyse host bacterial cell
Temperate phage - correct answer ✔✔can stably infect and coexist within bacteria cell (lysogeny) until a
lytic phase is induced
lysogenic conversion - correct answer ✔✔phage encodes observable function
specialized transduction - correct answer ✔✔some prophages integrate into the bacterial genome at a
specific site
When a prophage is induced to lytic phase, specific bacterial genes are packaged inside a phage and
transferred to a recipient cell
generalized transduction - correct answer ✔✔random fragments of disintegrating host DNA are picked
up by the phage during assembly; any gene can be transmitted this way
Virulence and antibiotic resistance genes can be moved by generalized transduction
Conjugation - correct answer ✔✔Plasmids can be transmissible between cells; some encode virulence
properties, antibiotic resistance
