BIOCHEM 4300 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
Real time analysis - ANSWER refers to the analysis of the reaction composition while the
reaction is in progress
uncompetitive inhibitor - ANSWER binds to the enzyme-substrate complex, preventing
the complex from releasing products
competitive inhibitor - ANSWER A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by
entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.
given are the rate constants k of 5 different reactions which reaction reps a 0 order
reaction - ANSWER anything with Ms-1
non-competitive inhibitor - ANSWER touching but doesn't coross
according to the equation below, the rate law is _____ order with respect to E and ____
order with respect to S
v= k[E][S]/[S]+km - ANSWER first, non-specific
the rate of a reaction is studied with all of the reactants presents in large excess expept
one. The technique for the determining the rate law is referred to as the _____ method -
ANSWER isolation
the potential energy idfference between the reactants and transition state is equal ro
the - ANSWER activation energy of the reaction
Consider the reaction A+ + B- ><C++ - ANSWER 1)whereas the charged reactants are
,stabilizwed by their iconic atmospheres the uncharged activated complex is not
2) increasing ionic strength favors the reverse reaction and the rate of product
formation is decreased
Consider A+ + B + <> C+2 - ANSWER 1) the stabilizing effects of the ionic atmosphere is
greater for the doubly charged activated complex than for the singly charged reactants
2) increasing ionic strength favors formation of the activated complex, so that the rate of
product formation increases
a competitive enzyme inhibitor binds only to the _____ form of the enzyme - ANSWER
free
an uncompetitive enzyme inhibitor alters the _____ of a linweaver burn plot - ANSWER y
intercept
three general strategies employed by nearly all enzymes to increase reaction rates -
ANSWER 1. Concentration reactants at the active site
2. reducing electrostatic repulsion between reactant molecules
3. transition state binding
assume that A is that limiting reactant and that al other reactants are present in large
excess. If the reaction rate is proportional to A the reaction Is said to be - ANSWER
pseudo first order reactant ion with respect to a A
in 1st order conversion A>B the concentration of A decreases______ with time -
ANSWER exponentially
kinetic product - ANSWER lower temp/ activation energy
if both reactions 1 and 2 are irreversible p1/p2 is determined by - ANSWER rate
constants
,if both reactions 1 and 2 are reversible the p1/p2 is determined by their - ANSWER
equilibrium constant
the kinetics for a relaxation process is always a ____ process,regardless of the number
of molecules involved as reactants or products - ANSWER first- order
The relationship between ____ and the _____ provides insight into the
temperature‐dependence of the equilibrium constant - ANSWER k : rate constants
for an exothermic reaction delta H < 0 - ANSWER Ea,r must be greater than Ea,f Thus,
when the temperature is raised, thereverse rate constant will be accelerated to
agreater extent than the forward rate constant.c) Hence, the equilibrium constant - i.e.,
theratio of the rate constants - will decrease.Equilibrium and Temperature3
temp jump - ANSWER 1) Electrical discharge can produce ΔT ≤10 K in 1 μs.2) Pulsed
lasers can produce ΔT ≥ 30 K in several ns.3) Useful for studying protein
folding/unfoldingreactions.10
what denotes the return of a system to equilibrium - ANSWER relaxation
If the reaction is sufficiently slow, - ANSWER the reactants can be mixed manually in a
cuvette, and the change in absorbance/fluorescence monitored as a function of time
continuous flow - ANSWER the reactants areexpelled from motor‐driven syringes
through amixing chamber into capillary tubing. An opticaldetector is placed at some
position along thetubing. The reaction time monitored by thedetector depends on the
rate of flow and thedistance of the detector from the mixingchamber.
stopped flow - ANSWER Continuous flow requires largereactant volumes. In the
stopped‐flow technique,a small volume of the reaction mixture isexpelled from the
driving syringes, through arapid‐mixing device, into capillary tubing.Progress of the
reaction is monitored continuously by an optical detector positioned adjacent to the
, mixing chamber. Reactions canbe monitored on the ms timescale.
________ techniques are capable of monitoring reactions that occur on the ms
timescale.Reactions that occur on faster timescale must be studied by ___s - ANSWER
stopped- flow; relaxation techniques
relaxation techniques - ANSWER A reaction at equilibrium is subjected to arapid change
in temperature or pressure ( "T-jump" or "p-jump"),and the return to equilibrium under
the new reaction condition ismonitored spectrophotometrically. Reactions can be
monitored onthe s timescale
quenching method - ANSWER The reaction after it has been allowed toproceed for a
certain time and the composition is analyzed atleisure. In a chemical quench flow, the
reaction is quenched byanother reagent. Spectroscopic fingerprints are not needed
inorder to measure the concentration of reactants and products --can be examined by
"slow" techniques, such as gelelectrophoresis.Monitoring the time-dependence of a
reaction
the instantaneous reaction rate - ANSWER v= d|J|/ dt
the average reaction rate - ANSWER v_ = delta / delta t
rate law - ANSWER an empirical relationship between reactant concentration and
reaction rate
k - ANSWER is the rate constant, the value of which depends on T and P
alpha a - ANSWER is the reaction order with the respect [A]
beta b - ANSWER is the reaction with respect to [B]
DETAILED ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
Real time analysis - ANSWER refers to the analysis of the reaction composition while the
reaction is in progress
uncompetitive inhibitor - ANSWER binds to the enzyme-substrate complex, preventing
the complex from releasing products
competitive inhibitor - ANSWER A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by
entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.
given are the rate constants k of 5 different reactions which reaction reps a 0 order
reaction - ANSWER anything with Ms-1
non-competitive inhibitor - ANSWER touching but doesn't coross
according to the equation below, the rate law is _____ order with respect to E and ____
order with respect to S
v= k[E][S]/[S]+km - ANSWER first, non-specific
the rate of a reaction is studied with all of the reactants presents in large excess expept
one. The technique for the determining the rate law is referred to as the _____ method -
ANSWER isolation
the potential energy idfference between the reactants and transition state is equal ro
the - ANSWER activation energy of the reaction
Consider the reaction A+ + B- ><C++ - ANSWER 1)whereas the charged reactants are
,stabilizwed by their iconic atmospheres the uncharged activated complex is not
2) increasing ionic strength favors the reverse reaction and the rate of product
formation is decreased
Consider A+ + B + <> C+2 - ANSWER 1) the stabilizing effects of the ionic atmosphere is
greater for the doubly charged activated complex than for the singly charged reactants
2) increasing ionic strength favors formation of the activated complex, so that the rate of
product formation increases
a competitive enzyme inhibitor binds only to the _____ form of the enzyme - ANSWER
free
an uncompetitive enzyme inhibitor alters the _____ of a linweaver burn plot - ANSWER y
intercept
three general strategies employed by nearly all enzymes to increase reaction rates -
ANSWER 1. Concentration reactants at the active site
2. reducing electrostatic repulsion between reactant molecules
3. transition state binding
assume that A is that limiting reactant and that al other reactants are present in large
excess. If the reaction rate is proportional to A the reaction Is said to be - ANSWER
pseudo first order reactant ion with respect to a A
in 1st order conversion A>B the concentration of A decreases______ with time -
ANSWER exponentially
kinetic product - ANSWER lower temp/ activation energy
if both reactions 1 and 2 are irreversible p1/p2 is determined by - ANSWER rate
constants
,if both reactions 1 and 2 are reversible the p1/p2 is determined by their - ANSWER
equilibrium constant
the kinetics for a relaxation process is always a ____ process,regardless of the number
of molecules involved as reactants or products - ANSWER first- order
The relationship between ____ and the _____ provides insight into the
temperature‐dependence of the equilibrium constant - ANSWER k : rate constants
for an exothermic reaction delta H < 0 - ANSWER Ea,r must be greater than Ea,f Thus,
when the temperature is raised, thereverse rate constant will be accelerated to
agreater extent than the forward rate constant.c) Hence, the equilibrium constant - i.e.,
theratio of the rate constants - will decrease.Equilibrium and Temperature3
temp jump - ANSWER 1) Electrical discharge can produce ΔT ≤10 K in 1 μs.2) Pulsed
lasers can produce ΔT ≥ 30 K in several ns.3) Useful for studying protein
folding/unfoldingreactions.10
what denotes the return of a system to equilibrium - ANSWER relaxation
If the reaction is sufficiently slow, - ANSWER the reactants can be mixed manually in a
cuvette, and the change in absorbance/fluorescence monitored as a function of time
continuous flow - ANSWER the reactants areexpelled from motor‐driven syringes
through amixing chamber into capillary tubing. An opticaldetector is placed at some
position along thetubing. The reaction time monitored by thedetector depends on the
rate of flow and thedistance of the detector from the mixingchamber.
stopped flow - ANSWER Continuous flow requires largereactant volumes. In the
stopped‐flow technique,a small volume of the reaction mixture isexpelled from the
driving syringes, through arapid‐mixing device, into capillary tubing.Progress of the
reaction is monitored continuously by an optical detector positioned adjacent to the
, mixing chamber. Reactions canbe monitored on the ms timescale.
________ techniques are capable of monitoring reactions that occur on the ms
timescale.Reactions that occur on faster timescale must be studied by ___s - ANSWER
stopped- flow; relaxation techniques
relaxation techniques - ANSWER A reaction at equilibrium is subjected to arapid change
in temperature or pressure ( "T-jump" or "p-jump"),and the return to equilibrium under
the new reaction condition ismonitored spectrophotometrically. Reactions can be
monitored onthe s timescale
quenching method - ANSWER The reaction after it has been allowed toproceed for a
certain time and the composition is analyzed atleisure. In a chemical quench flow, the
reaction is quenched byanother reagent. Spectroscopic fingerprints are not needed
inorder to measure the concentration of reactants and products --can be examined by
"slow" techniques, such as gelelectrophoresis.Monitoring the time-dependence of a
reaction
the instantaneous reaction rate - ANSWER v= d|J|/ dt
the average reaction rate - ANSWER v_ = delta / delta t
rate law - ANSWER an empirical relationship between reactant concentration and
reaction rate
k - ANSWER is the rate constant, the value of which depends on T and P
alpha a - ANSWER is the reaction order with the respect [A]
beta b - ANSWER is the reaction with respect to [B]
