CJUS Exam 3 with solutions
Federal Court System Structure - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔-United
States Supreme Court
-United States Court of Appeal
-United States District Courts
State Court System Structure - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔-State
Supreme Court
-Appellate Courts
-Trial Courts of general Jurisdiction
-Lower Courts
Dual Court System - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔one court at state
level and one at federal level
Court Jurisdiction - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔the specific practical
authority to hear cases and administer justice based on law in a
particular geographic region and/or hierarchy within the court
system
Appellate Jurisdiction - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔appeals court,
limited in their jurisdiction to matters of appeal from lower courts
and trial courts
General Jurisdiction - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔major trial courts,
have the power and authority to try and decide any case, includes
appeals from lower courts
Limited Jurisdiction - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔lower courts, try
minor offenses (traffic infractions and misdemeanors)
,Trial de novo - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔-the appeals court holds a
trial as if a prior trial has never been held
-"issue a new trial"
-cases that are retried on appeal as opposed to those that are
reviewed on record
Justice of the Peace Courts - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔-type of lower
court with limited jurisdiction
-serve mostly in in rural areas
Court Administrator - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Judge
Reform and Unification of State Courts - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔-
unify felony and misdemeanor courts
-create a single, unified state court system
-centralize administrative responsibility
-abolish the justice of the peace courts
-increase number of judicial personnel
-improve physical facilities
Federal District Courts - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔created by the
Federal Judiciary Act, passed by Congress on September 24, 1789
-originally 13 courts, now 94
-trial courts of the federal system (general jurisdiction)
-try cases that involve compromises of national security
-has 1 or more judges, nominated by the President
-since the 1980s, the district courts have had to function under
near-crisis conditions
, Judicial Review - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔the power of the courts to
declare laws unconstitutional
stare decisis - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Let the decision stand;
decisions are based on precedents from previous cases
Rule of Four - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔A case is accepted for review
only if 4 or more justices feel that it merits consideration by the full
court
writ of Certiorari - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔a writ of review issued
by the supreme court, ordering a lower court to "forward up the
record" of a case it has tried so that the scan review it
Marbury V. Madison - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔-role of the supreme
court became fully established during the early decades of the 19th
century under the leadership of John Marshall
-justified its authority the review and nullify acts of Congress that it
found to conflict with the constitution
-established the supreme courts power to review acts of congress
-considered the most important ruling in supreme court history
writ of habeas corpus - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔A writ that
commands that a prisoner be bought before a court so that the
court can hear that he is being held illegally. Can only be filed by
someone who is imprisoned ad can only address constitutional
issues
going rate - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔the procedural merits of the
case are the true determinative factors of an outcome
-prosecutors and defense attorneys engage in a comparison of
charges against possible procedural flaws and possible defenses to
arrive at the going rate for a crime
Federal Court System Structure - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔-United
States Supreme Court
-United States Court of Appeal
-United States District Courts
State Court System Structure - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔-State
Supreme Court
-Appellate Courts
-Trial Courts of general Jurisdiction
-Lower Courts
Dual Court System - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔one court at state
level and one at federal level
Court Jurisdiction - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔the specific practical
authority to hear cases and administer justice based on law in a
particular geographic region and/or hierarchy within the court
system
Appellate Jurisdiction - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔appeals court,
limited in their jurisdiction to matters of appeal from lower courts
and trial courts
General Jurisdiction - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔major trial courts,
have the power and authority to try and decide any case, includes
appeals from lower courts
Limited Jurisdiction - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔lower courts, try
minor offenses (traffic infractions and misdemeanors)
,Trial de novo - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔-the appeals court holds a
trial as if a prior trial has never been held
-"issue a new trial"
-cases that are retried on appeal as opposed to those that are
reviewed on record
Justice of the Peace Courts - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔-type of lower
court with limited jurisdiction
-serve mostly in in rural areas
Court Administrator - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Judge
Reform and Unification of State Courts - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔-
unify felony and misdemeanor courts
-create a single, unified state court system
-centralize administrative responsibility
-abolish the justice of the peace courts
-increase number of judicial personnel
-improve physical facilities
Federal District Courts - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔created by the
Federal Judiciary Act, passed by Congress on September 24, 1789
-originally 13 courts, now 94
-trial courts of the federal system (general jurisdiction)
-try cases that involve compromises of national security
-has 1 or more judges, nominated by the President
-since the 1980s, the district courts have had to function under
near-crisis conditions
, Judicial Review - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔the power of the courts to
declare laws unconstitutional
stare decisis - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Let the decision stand;
decisions are based on precedents from previous cases
Rule of Four - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔A case is accepted for review
only if 4 or more justices feel that it merits consideration by the full
court
writ of Certiorari - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔a writ of review issued
by the supreme court, ordering a lower court to "forward up the
record" of a case it has tried so that the scan review it
Marbury V. Madison - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔-role of the supreme
court became fully established during the early decades of the 19th
century under the leadership of John Marshall
-justified its authority the review and nullify acts of Congress that it
found to conflict with the constitution
-established the supreme courts power to review acts of congress
-considered the most important ruling in supreme court history
writ of habeas corpus - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔A writ that
commands that a prisoner be bought before a court so that the
court can hear that he is being held illegally. Can only be filed by
someone who is imprisoned ad can only address constitutional
issues
going rate - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔the procedural merits of the
case are the true determinative factors of an outcome
-prosecutors and defense attorneys engage in a comparison of
charges against possible procedural flaws and possible defenses to
arrive at the going rate for a crime
