URBS 230 - final exam review Questions and
Answers 100% Verified
R1: What does fishman mean by technoburb - ✔✔✔-»»Fishman:
Technoburbs
-Traditional function of suburbs is obsolete: residential bedroom
communities for wealthy class who traveled to the city core regularly for
employment, amenities, everyday activity-Predicts the end of traditional
suburbia and the rise of the metropolitan-wide technoburbs which are
viable economic hubs that also encompass low-density residential areas
R1: Why doesn't the post ww2 north American suburb meet Fishman's
standards for a suburb - ✔✔✔-»»Cultural heritage lost, style of housing,
sprawl takes away pleasant common spaces. Social segregation, also
environmental issues concerning agriculture contributing to habitat loss.
R1: How are technoburbs structured - ✔✔✔-»»
R2:•What does Cronon mean when he says nature has been turned into a
commodity? - ✔✔✔-»»-use-value (satisfy human want), exchange-value
(power to command other commodities in exchange)
-•Commodity fetishism: the relationships of production and exchange as
social relationships among things (money and merchandise) and not as
relationships among people.
-stretching of social relations: farmer/consumer, employer/employee
-masking of nature, social relations, labor process
,-Farm to table: undoing commodification, origins of food known
R2: •How do futures markets work? - ✔✔✔-»»auction market in which
participants buy and sell commodity and futures contracts for delivery on a
specified future date.
R2: •What technological innovations are important for Cronon's story?
(futures market) - ✔✔✔-»»plow, reaper, railroad, telegraph, grain elevator,
insurance, board of trade, the 'change, to arrive contracts, futures, grain
categories
The neoliberal city: features - ✔✔✔-»»-contemporary city
-shift from fordism to post fordism
-
Fordism and Post-Fordism - ✔✔✔-»»FORDISM: The system of mass
production that was pioneered by the Ford Motor Company or
(2) the typical postwar mode of economic growth and its associated political
and social order in advanced capitalism.
POST FORDISM: the idea that modern industrial production has moved
away from mass production in huge factories, as pioneered by Henry Ford,
towards specialized markets based on small flexible manufacturing units.
Vertical vs. Horizontal Integration def, pros and cons - ✔✔✔-»»-Vertical
Integration is dominating an industry/market by owning every step in the
process of making a product.
PROS: transaction costs minimized
CONS not as creative, legal trouble
-Horizontal Integration means creating a monopoly by shutting down or
buying up all your competitors.
PROS: more creative
CONS: more transaction costs
economy of scale - ✔✔✔-»»a proportionate saving in costs gained by an
increased level of production.
, social reproduction - ✔✔✔-»»the processes that ensure the self-
perpetuation of a social structure over time
Keynesian economics - ✔✔✔-»»Theory based on the principles of John
Maynard Keynes, stating that government spending should increase during
business slumps and be curbed during booms.
Petrodollars - ✔✔✔-»»Petrodollars are crude oil export revenues
denominated in U.S. dollars. The term gained currency in the mid-1970s
when soaring oil prices generated large trade and current account
surpluses for oil exporting countries.
result of fordism crisis
Eurodollars - ✔✔✔-»»A Eurodollar future is a cash settled futures contract
whose price moves in response to the LIBOR interest rate. Eurodollar
futures are a way for companies and banks to lock in an interest rate today,
for money they intend to borrow or lend in the future.
result of fordism crisis
crisis of fordism, why did it fail - ✔✔✔-»»Fordism problem: the capitalists
were no longer able to increase productivity adequately on the assembly
line.
-caused devaluation of the dollar (1971)
Third World Debt Crisis - ✔✔✔-»»-First, there was a second oil-price shock
in 1979. That led to economic recession in Western economies
-Economic trouble in the 1980s found many American banks holding near-
worthless loans they had set upon Third World countries, especially Latin
America. More banks and savings institutions were folding than at any time
since the Great Depression in the 1930s.
capital accumulation: expanded reproduction - ✔✔✔-»»economic
reproduction in capitalist society is necessarily expanded reproduction and
requires market growth.
Answers 100% Verified
R1: What does fishman mean by technoburb - ✔✔✔-»»Fishman:
Technoburbs
-Traditional function of suburbs is obsolete: residential bedroom
communities for wealthy class who traveled to the city core regularly for
employment, amenities, everyday activity-Predicts the end of traditional
suburbia and the rise of the metropolitan-wide technoburbs which are
viable economic hubs that also encompass low-density residential areas
R1: Why doesn't the post ww2 north American suburb meet Fishman's
standards for a suburb - ✔✔✔-»»Cultural heritage lost, style of housing,
sprawl takes away pleasant common spaces. Social segregation, also
environmental issues concerning agriculture contributing to habitat loss.
R1: How are technoburbs structured - ✔✔✔-»»
R2:•What does Cronon mean when he says nature has been turned into a
commodity? - ✔✔✔-»»-use-value (satisfy human want), exchange-value
(power to command other commodities in exchange)
-•Commodity fetishism: the relationships of production and exchange as
social relationships among things (money and merchandise) and not as
relationships among people.
-stretching of social relations: farmer/consumer, employer/employee
-masking of nature, social relations, labor process
,-Farm to table: undoing commodification, origins of food known
R2: •How do futures markets work? - ✔✔✔-»»auction market in which
participants buy and sell commodity and futures contracts for delivery on a
specified future date.
R2: •What technological innovations are important for Cronon's story?
(futures market) - ✔✔✔-»»plow, reaper, railroad, telegraph, grain elevator,
insurance, board of trade, the 'change, to arrive contracts, futures, grain
categories
The neoliberal city: features - ✔✔✔-»»-contemporary city
-shift from fordism to post fordism
-
Fordism and Post-Fordism - ✔✔✔-»»FORDISM: The system of mass
production that was pioneered by the Ford Motor Company or
(2) the typical postwar mode of economic growth and its associated political
and social order in advanced capitalism.
POST FORDISM: the idea that modern industrial production has moved
away from mass production in huge factories, as pioneered by Henry Ford,
towards specialized markets based on small flexible manufacturing units.
Vertical vs. Horizontal Integration def, pros and cons - ✔✔✔-»»-Vertical
Integration is dominating an industry/market by owning every step in the
process of making a product.
PROS: transaction costs minimized
CONS not as creative, legal trouble
-Horizontal Integration means creating a monopoly by shutting down or
buying up all your competitors.
PROS: more creative
CONS: more transaction costs
economy of scale - ✔✔✔-»»a proportionate saving in costs gained by an
increased level of production.
, social reproduction - ✔✔✔-»»the processes that ensure the self-
perpetuation of a social structure over time
Keynesian economics - ✔✔✔-»»Theory based on the principles of John
Maynard Keynes, stating that government spending should increase during
business slumps and be curbed during booms.
Petrodollars - ✔✔✔-»»Petrodollars are crude oil export revenues
denominated in U.S. dollars. The term gained currency in the mid-1970s
when soaring oil prices generated large trade and current account
surpluses for oil exporting countries.
result of fordism crisis
Eurodollars - ✔✔✔-»»A Eurodollar future is a cash settled futures contract
whose price moves in response to the LIBOR interest rate. Eurodollar
futures are a way for companies and banks to lock in an interest rate today,
for money they intend to borrow or lend in the future.
result of fordism crisis
crisis of fordism, why did it fail - ✔✔✔-»»Fordism problem: the capitalists
were no longer able to increase productivity adequately on the assembly
line.
-caused devaluation of the dollar (1971)
Third World Debt Crisis - ✔✔✔-»»-First, there was a second oil-price shock
in 1979. That led to economic recession in Western economies
-Economic trouble in the 1980s found many American banks holding near-
worthless loans they had set upon Third World countries, especially Latin
America. More banks and savings institutions were folding than at any time
since the Great Depression in the 1930s.
capital accumulation: expanded reproduction - ✔✔✔-»»economic
reproduction in capitalist society is necessarily expanded reproduction and
requires market growth.
