Texas STR Certification Exam Questions
With Quality Answers.
Culturally Responsive Instructional Practices - Answer This refers to practices that recognize and
incorporate the assets and strengths all students bring to the classroom and ensure that learning
experiences are relevant to all students.
Assets-Based Teaching Approach - Answer This refers to viewing diversity of thought, culture, and traits
as a positive asset as students are valued for what they bring to the classroom rather than being
characterized by what they are lacking.
Phonemes - Answer The specific units of sounds in a language that distinguish one word from another
(e.g., "b" and "t"
in "bat" and "tab")
Morphemes - Answer The smallest unit of meaning in a language (e.g., "ed" changes a word to past
tense)
Decoding - Answer The ability to use letter-sound relationships to correctly sound-out and pronounce
written words.
Discourse - Answer Written or spoken communication or debate (e.g., talk and conversation)
Language Demands - Answer The tools (vocabulary, syntax, discourse) students use to participate in the
content they are learning
Deep Orthography - Answer This phrase refers to a spelling system that is more difficult to decode
because there is not a direct correlation between the letters and sounds in the language.
Shallow Orthography - Answer This phrase refers to a spelling system that is easier to decode because
there is a direct correlation between. the letters and sounds in the language.
,Emergent Literacy - Answer The term used to explain a child's knowledge of reading and writing skills
before they learn to read and write (e.g., recognizing a stop sign, cereal box).
Phonological Awareness - Answer the ability to hear and manipulate all units of sound including words,
syllables, onset, rimes, and phonemes in spoken language.
Pragmatics - Answer The practical rules that guide our use of language in social contexts
Morphology - Answer the study of the structure of words and how meaningful units are combined in
text (e.g., prefixes, suffixes, root words).
Transitional Bilingual Education - Answer A program in which two languages are used to provide
content instruction. Over time, use of the native language is decreased and use of English is increased
until only English is used for instruction.
Sheltered Instruction - Answer An approach to teaching English language learners that integrates
language and content instruction.
BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills) - Answer Development of fluency in conversations -
social language
CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency) - Answer Development of content and subject area
language.
Comprehensible Input - Answer The part of a language that is understood by listeners when learning a
second language
Language Acquisition vs. Language Learning - Answer Acquiring language through subconscious
processes vs. learning a language through direct instruction.
Receptive Language - Answer The ability to understand words and language
, Phonology - Answer The study of sounds, their patterns and meanings and the way they combine to
form words and language.
Semantics - Answer The study of meaning in words, phrases, sentences, or text
Repetition and Practice - Answer A teaching strategy that helps bring skill knowledge from conscious to
subconscious.
Oral Language Rehearsal - Answer A strategy that gives students the opportunity to 'write aloud' before
they begin a written language assignment; provides time for them to rehearse how written forms differ
from spoken forms
Language Systems - Answer Interdependent structures or systems that support the language
foundation necessary for reading
Orthographic Mapping - Answer The process of matching letters and letter sequences with sounds in a
word, and storing those words for future use; necessary for spelling, pronouncing words correctly, and
developing sight words and vocabulary.
Frontal Lobe - Answer Area of the brain that 1) supports phonological processing system (enables us to
pronounce and
articulate words); 2) controls planning and decision making
Temporal Lobe - Answer Area of the brain that 1) supports phonological processing (processes sound
and connects
printed letters to sounds); 2) connects spoken words with meaning
Occipital Lobe - Answer Area of the brain responsible for 1) recognizing print, punctuation, diacritical
marks, or spaces in print; 2) houses the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) - "Brain's Letterbox".
Planum Temporale - Answer Area of the brain where phonological and orthographic processing
systems meet; connects phonemes (sounds) with graphemes (printed letters).
With Quality Answers.
Culturally Responsive Instructional Practices - Answer This refers to practices that recognize and
incorporate the assets and strengths all students bring to the classroom and ensure that learning
experiences are relevant to all students.
Assets-Based Teaching Approach - Answer This refers to viewing diversity of thought, culture, and traits
as a positive asset as students are valued for what they bring to the classroom rather than being
characterized by what they are lacking.
Phonemes - Answer The specific units of sounds in a language that distinguish one word from another
(e.g., "b" and "t"
in "bat" and "tab")
Morphemes - Answer The smallest unit of meaning in a language (e.g., "ed" changes a word to past
tense)
Decoding - Answer The ability to use letter-sound relationships to correctly sound-out and pronounce
written words.
Discourse - Answer Written or spoken communication or debate (e.g., talk and conversation)
Language Demands - Answer The tools (vocabulary, syntax, discourse) students use to participate in the
content they are learning
Deep Orthography - Answer This phrase refers to a spelling system that is more difficult to decode
because there is not a direct correlation between the letters and sounds in the language.
Shallow Orthography - Answer This phrase refers to a spelling system that is easier to decode because
there is a direct correlation between. the letters and sounds in the language.
,Emergent Literacy - Answer The term used to explain a child's knowledge of reading and writing skills
before they learn to read and write (e.g., recognizing a stop sign, cereal box).
Phonological Awareness - Answer the ability to hear and manipulate all units of sound including words,
syllables, onset, rimes, and phonemes in spoken language.
Pragmatics - Answer The practical rules that guide our use of language in social contexts
Morphology - Answer the study of the structure of words and how meaningful units are combined in
text (e.g., prefixes, suffixes, root words).
Transitional Bilingual Education - Answer A program in which two languages are used to provide
content instruction. Over time, use of the native language is decreased and use of English is increased
until only English is used for instruction.
Sheltered Instruction - Answer An approach to teaching English language learners that integrates
language and content instruction.
BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills) - Answer Development of fluency in conversations -
social language
CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency) - Answer Development of content and subject area
language.
Comprehensible Input - Answer The part of a language that is understood by listeners when learning a
second language
Language Acquisition vs. Language Learning - Answer Acquiring language through subconscious
processes vs. learning a language through direct instruction.
Receptive Language - Answer The ability to understand words and language
, Phonology - Answer The study of sounds, their patterns and meanings and the way they combine to
form words and language.
Semantics - Answer The study of meaning in words, phrases, sentences, or text
Repetition and Practice - Answer A teaching strategy that helps bring skill knowledge from conscious to
subconscious.
Oral Language Rehearsal - Answer A strategy that gives students the opportunity to 'write aloud' before
they begin a written language assignment; provides time for them to rehearse how written forms differ
from spoken forms
Language Systems - Answer Interdependent structures or systems that support the language
foundation necessary for reading
Orthographic Mapping - Answer The process of matching letters and letter sequences with sounds in a
word, and storing those words for future use; necessary for spelling, pronouncing words correctly, and
developing sight words and vocabulary.
Frontal Lobe - Answer Area of the brain that 1) supports phonological processing system (enables us to
pronounce and
articulate words); 2) controls planning and decision making
Temporal Lobe - Answer Area of the brain that 1) supports phonological processing (processes sound
and connects
printed letters to sounds); 2) connects spoken words with meaning
Occipital Lobe - Answer Area of the brain responsible for 1) recognizing print, punctuation, diacritical
marks, or spaces in print; 2) houses the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) - "Brain's Letterbox".
Planum Temporale - Answer Area of the brain where phonological and orthographic processing
systems meet; connects phonemes (sounds) with graphemes (printed letters).
