Psych. Exam 3 Practice Exam Questions With 100% Guaranteed Verified Answers.

What are the 5 levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? What is the highest level? - correct answer Physiological needs Safety needs Belongingness and love needs Esteem needs Self-actualization (Highest) Does each level of Maslow's hierarchy have to fully be satisfied before one is motivated by the next level? - correct answer They have to be satisfied on a particular level What does the term "person perception" refer to? - correct answer Mental processes we use to form judgements and draw conclusions about characteristics of other people What are the four key principles that guide perception which are discussed in the textbook? - correct answer 1) Your reactions to others are determine by your perceptions of them, not by who they are 2)Your self-perception also influences how you perceive others and how you act on your perceptions 3) Your goals in a particular situation determine the amount and kinds of information you collect about others 4) In every situation, you evaluate people parks in terms of how you expect them to act within that particular context What is "social categorization"? - correct answer The mental process of classifying people into groups in the basis of common characteristics What is the difference between explicit and implicit cognition? - correct answer Explicit- conscious mental processes involved in perceptions, judgments, decisions, and reasoning Implicit- the mental processes associated with automatic, nonconscious social evaluations What is the "fundamental attribution error"? - correct answer The tendency to spontaneously attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics, while ignoring the role of external factors. What is "hindsight bias"? - correct answer The tendency after an event has occurred to overestimate ones ability to have predicted the outcome What is "actor-observer bias"? - correct answer The tendency to attribute our own behavior to external, situational characteristics, while ignoring the effects of internal personal factors How does "blaming the victim" attribute error and "just-world hypothesis" relate to each other? - correct answer They help us psychologically insulate us from the uncomfortable thought "it could have been me" What is "self-serving bias"? What are some examples? - correct answer The tendency to attribute successful outcomes of ones own behavior to internal causes and unsuccessful outcomes to external causes (Congratulating themselves after doing well on a test) What is "cognitive dissonance"? - correct answer An unpleasant state of psychological tension or arousal that occurs when two thoughts are inconsistent What does "BMI" refer to? - correct answer A numerical scale indicating adult height in relation to weight What is the difference between emotion & mood? - correct answer Emotion- a complex psychological state that involves a subjective experience, psychological response, and behavior or expressive response Mood- milder emotional state that is more general and persuasive What are the six universally recognized "basic" emotions? - correct answer Fear Surprise Anger Disgust Happiness Sadness What is "Emotional Intelligence"? - correct answer To understand and manage your own emotional experiences and to comprehend and respond appropriately to the emotional responses of others How do people with high vs low "emotional intelligence" differ? - correct answer High- they are able to understand and use their emotions Low- they experience one failure in life after another How does "James-Lange Theory of Emotion" see the relationship between emotions a person experiences and the psychological body changes that occur? What comes first? - correct answer 1) Recognizes a threatening situation 2) Reacts by feeling fearful 3) Activates your sympathetic nervous system 4) Triggers fearful behavior What is the difference between "intrinsic" motivation and "extrinsic" motivation? - correct answer Intrinsic- desire to engage in tasks that are inherently satisfying and enjoyable or optimally challenging Extrinsic- external influences on behavior such as rewards, consequences, or social expectations What is the difference between "competence motivation" and "achievement motivation"? - correct answer Competence- the desire to direct your behavior toward demonstrating competence and exercising control in a situation Achievement- the desire to direct your behavior towards excelling or succeeding at a task What is Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and what is it used to measure? - correct answer A personality test that involves creating stories and ambiguous scenes. It is used to measure the need for achievement. What is "impersonal engagement"? - correct answer Emotion dimensions reflecting the degree to which emotions involve a relationship with other people What is "amygdala" and which emotion is it most related to? - correct answer An almond-shaped cluster of neurons in the brains temporal lobe, involved in memory and emotional responses. It is most related to fear. What are "display rules"? - correct answer Social and cultural regulations governing emotional expression, especially facial expressions What is the difference between "obedience" and "conformity"? - correct answer Obedience- the performance behavior in response to a direct command Conformity- adjusting your opinions, judgements, or behaviors so that they match the opinions, judgments, or behaviors of others The brutal murder of Kitty Genovese in 1964 lead social psychologist to study what topic? - correct answer The Unresponsive Bystander: Why Doesn't He Help? What is the "bystander effect in social psychology"? - correct answer The greater the number of people present, the less likely each individual is to help someone in distress What is "prosocial behavior"? - correct answer Any behavior that helps another; whether it's self-serving or selfless What is "altruism"? - correct answer Helping another individual with no expectation of personal reward or benefit What factors increase the likelihood of bystanders helping in an emergency situation? - correct answer 1) Feel good, do good 2) Feeling guilty 3) Seeing others willing to help 4) Perceiving the other person deserving help 5) Knowing how to help 6) Personalized relationship