EENT EXAM with answers
A |30 |year |old |male |has |been |diagnosed |with |non-allergic |rhinitis. |What |finding |is |more |likely |in |non-
allergic |rhinitis |than |allergic |rhinitis?
Older |age |of |symptom |onset
Male |gender
Post |nasal |drip
Sneezing |- |correct |answer |-Older |age |of |symptom |onset
Explanation:
Non-allergic |rhinitis, |often |called |vasomotor |rhinitis, |is |very |common |in |the |US. |It |is |typically |
diagnosed |and |differentiated |from |allergic |rhinitis |by |history. |Although |both |conditions |may |co-exist |
in |patients, |non-allergic |rhinitis |typically |has |onset |after |age |20 |years. |Allergic |rhinitis |typically |
presents |prior |to |age |20 |years. |The |most |common |symptoms |associated |with |non-allergenic |rhinitis |
are |nasal |congestion |and |post-nasal |drip. |It |is |predominantly |reported |in |females. |Common |
precipitants |of |non-allergic |rhinitis |symptoms |can |occur |with |exposure |to |spicy |foods, |cigarette |
smoke, |strong |odors, |perfumes, |and |alcohol |consumption. |This |is |frequently |treated |with |topical |
azelastine.
The |throat |swab |done |to |identify |Streptococcal |infection |was |negative |in |a |12 |year-old |female |with |
tonsillar |exudate, |fever, |and |sore |throat. |What |statement |is |true |regarding |this?
A |second |swab |should |be |done |to |repeat |the |test.
The |patient |does |not |have |Strept |throat.
The |patient |probably |has |mononucleosis.
A |second |swab |should |be |collected |and |sent |to |microbiology. |- |correct |answer |-A |second |swab |should
|be |collected |and |sent |to |microbiology.
Explanation:
A |second |swab |is |collected, |but |it |is |not |used |to |repeat |the |test. |The |second |swab |is |sent |to |
microbiology |for |culture. |The |sensitivity |varies |in |office |Strept |tests. |Some |are |as |low |as |50% |and |a |
second |swab |should |be |collected. |If |beta-hemolytic |Strept |organisms |are |grown |out, |then |the |patient |
can |be |diagnosed |with |Streptococcal |infection
,What |is |the |usual |age |for |vision |screening |in |young |children?
2 |years
3 |years
4 |years
5 |years |- |correct |answer |-3 |years
Explanation:
Initial |vision |screening |should |take |place |at |3 |years |of |age. |If |the |child |is |not |cooperative, |screening |
should |be |attempted |6 |months |later. |If |the |child |is |still |not |cooperative |at |3.5 |years, |it |should |be |
attempted |at |4 |years. |Generally, |children |are |cooperative |at |4 |years |of |age. |The |usual |vision |of |a |3 |
year-old |is |20/50
Epstein-Barr |virus |is |responsible |for:
mononucleosis.
the |most |common |cause |of |pharyngitis.
most |teenage |cases |of |pharyngitis.
viral |pharyngitis |in |young |children. |- |correct |answer |-mononucleosis.
Explanation:
Infectious |mononucleosis |is |caused |by |Epstein-Barr |virus |(EBV). |This |commonly |affects |adolescents |
but |can |affect |various |age |groups. |The |most |prominent |feature |of |mononucleosis |is |fever, |fatigue |and
|pharyngitis.
A |patient |with |environmental |allergies |presents |to |your |clinic. |She |takes |an |oral |antihistamine |every |
24 |hours. |What |is |the |most |effective |single |maintenance |medication |for |allergic |rhinitis?
Antihistamine
Decongestant
Intranasal |glucocorticoids
Leukotriene |blockers |- |correct |answer |-Intranasal |glucocorticoids
Explanation:
,These |agents |are |particularly |effective |in |the |treatment |of |nasal |congestion |and |would |be |a |good |
choice |for |the |patient |in |this |scenario. |Intranasal |glucocorticoids |are |effective |in |relieving |nasal |
congestion, |discharge, |itching, |and |sneezing. |A |trial |of |stopping |the |oral |antihistamine |could |be |tried |
in |this |patient. |Symptoms |would |determine |whether |the |antihistamine |should |be |resumed.
Conjunctivitis:
produces |blurred |vision |in |the |affected |eye.
usually |begins |as |a |viral |infection.
produces |anterior |cervical |lymphadenopathy.
is |common |in |patients |who |are |nearsighted. |- |correct |answer |-usually |begins |as |a |viral |infection.
Explanation:
Conjunctivitis |or |"pink |eye" |usually |begins |as |a |viral |infection. |As |the |conjunctiva |becomes |irritated, |
the |eye |is |rubbed |and |fingers |introduce |bacteria. |A |secondary |bacterial |infection |develops. |
Conjunctivitis |produces |a |red |(or |pink) |eye, |but |should |never |produce |blurred |vision. |A |patient |with |a |
red |eye |and |blurred |vision |should |be |referred |to |ophthalmology. |The |pre-auricular |nodes |may |be |
palpable |when |a |patient |has |conjunctivitis, |not |the |anterior |cervical |ones.
At |what |age |would |it |be |unusual |to |see |thrush?
At |birth
2 |months
6 |months
8 |months |- |correct |answer |-At |birth
Explanation:
Thrush |is |an |infection |in |the |oral |cavity |caused |by |yeast. |Yeast |grow |in |a |warm, |dark, |moist |
environment. |It |is |not |unusual |to |see |thrush |in |young |infants |who |are |breast |or |bottle |fed. |It |would |
be |unusual |to |see |thrush |in |a |newborn. |In |fact, |this |should |cause |concern |regarding |an |
immunocompromised |state |in |the |infant |or |hyperglycemia |in |the |mother.
A |patient |presents |with |severe |toothache. |She |reports |sensitivity |to |heat |and |cold. |There |is |visible |
pus |around |the |painful |area. |What |is |this |termed?
, Pulpitis
Caries
Gingivitis
Periodontitis |- |correct |answer |-Pulpitis
Explanation:
The |predominant |symptom |of |patients |who |exhibit |pulpitis |is |pain |especially |elicited |by |thermal |
changes, |cold |and |hot. |The |pain |can |become |severe |and |patients |are |ill |appearing. |Pus |may |be |seen |
around |the |gum |area |or |may |be |restricted |to |the |pulp |cavity. |Caries |and |gingivitis |do |not |produce |
pus. |Periodontitis |is |characterized |by |gingival |inflammation |and |pain. |Pus |is |not |present |in |this |
disease. |A |periodontal |abscess |produces |pain |and |pus, |but |the |pus |is |usually |only |expressed |after |
probing.
How |long |should |a |6 |year |old |with |acute |otitis |media |be |treated |with |an |antibiotic?
5 |days
5-7 |days
10 |days
Until |the |erythema |has |resolved |- |correct |answer |-5-7 |days
Explanation:
The |recommendations |from |the |American |Academy |of |Pediatrics |are |5-7 |days |of |an |antibiotic |for |
children |6 |years |and |older |who |have |mild |to |moderate |acute |otitis |media |(AOM). |Children |less |than |2
|years |of |age |should |be |treated |for |10 |days. |Children |2 |years |and |older |may |be |treated |for |5-7 |days |
for |AOM |if |they |do |not |have |a |history |of |recurrent |AOM.
A |patient |is |diagnosed |with |otitis |externa. |He |complains |of |tragal |pain, |otic |discharge, |otic |itching, |
and |fever. |What |is |the |cardinal |symptom |of |otitis |externa?
Tragal |pain
Otic |discharge
Otic |itching
Fever |- |correct |answer |-Tragal |pain
Explanation:
A |30 |year |old |male |has |been |diagnosed |with |non-allergic |rhinitis. |What |finding |is |more |likely |in |non-
allergic |rhinitis |than |allergic |rhinitis?
Older |age |of |symptom |onset
Male |gender
Post |nasal |drip
Sneezing |- |correct |answer |-Older |age |of |symptom |onset
Explanation:
Non-allergic |rhinitis, |often |called |vasomotor |rhinitis, |is |very |common |in |the |US. |It |is |typically |
diagnosed |and |differentiated |from |allergic |rhinitis |by |history. |Although |both |conditions |may |co-exist |
in |patients, |non-allergic |rhinitis |typically |has |onset |after |age |20 |years. |Allergic |rhinitis |typically |
presents |prior |to |age |20 |years. |The |most |common |symptoms |associated |with |non-allergenic |rhinitis |
are |nasal |congestion |and |post-nasal |drip. |It |is |predominantly |reported |in |females. |Common |
precipitants |of |non-allergic |rhinitis |symptoms |can |occur |with |exposure |to |spicy |foods, |cigarette |
smoke, |strong |odors, |perfumes, |and |alcohol |consumption. |This |is |frequently |treated |with |topical |
azelastine.
The |throat |swab |done |to |identify |Streptococcal |infection |was |negative |in |a |12 |year-old |female |with |
tonsillar |exudate, |fever, |and |sore |throat. |What |statement |is |true |regarding |this?
A |second |swab |should |be |done |to |repeat |the |test.
The |patient |does |not |have |Strept |throat.
The |patient |probably |has |mononucleosis.
A |second |swab |should |be |collected |and |sent |to |microbiology. |- |correct |answer |-A |second |swab |should
|be |collected |and |sent |to |microbiology.
Explanation:
A |second |swab |is |collected, |but |it |is |not |used |to |repeat |the |test. |The |second |swab |is |sent |to |
microbiology |for |culture. |The |sensitivity |varies |in |office |Strept |tests. |Some |are |as |low |as |50% |and |a |
second |swab |should |be |collected. |If |beta-hemolytic |Strept |organisms |are |grown |out, |then |the |patient |
can |be |diagnosed |with |Streptococcal |infection
,What |is |the |usual |age |for |vision |screening |in |young |children?
2 |years
3 |years
4 |years
5 |years |- |correct |answer |-3 |years
Explanation:
Initial |vision |screening |should |take |place |at |3 |years |of |age. |If |the |child |is |not |cooperative, |screening |
should |be |attempted |6 |months |later. |If |the |child |is |still |not |cooperative |at |3.5 |years, |it |should |be |
attempted |at |4 |years. |Generally, |children |are |cooperative |at |4 |years |of |age. |The |usual |vision |of |a |3 |
year-old |is |20/50
Epstein-Barr |virus |is |responsible |for:
mononucleosis.
the |most |common |cause |of |pharyngitis.
most |teenage |cases |of |pharyngitis.
viral |pharyngitis |in |young |children. |- |correct |answer |-mononucleosis.
Explanation:
Infectious |mononucleosis |is |caused |by |Epstein-Barr |virus |(EBV). |This |commonly |affects |adolescents |
but |can |affect |various |age |groups. |The |most |prominent |feature |of |mononucleosis |is |fever, |fatigue |and
|pharyngitis.
A |patient |with |environmental |allergies |presents |to |your |clinic. |She |takes |an |oral |antihistamine |every |
24 |hours. |What |is |the |most |effective |single |maintenance |medication |for |allergic |rhinitis?
Antihistamine
Decongestant
Intranasal |glucocorticoids
Leukotriene |blockers |- |correct |answer |-Intranasal |glucocorticoids
Explanation:
,These |agents |are |particularly |effective |in |the |treatment |of |nasal |congestion |and |would |be |a |good |
choice |for |the |patient |in |this |scenario. |Intranasal |glucocorticoids |are |effective |in |relieving |nasal |
congestion, |discharge, |itching, |and |sneezing. |A |trial |of |stopping |the |oral |antihistamine |could |be |tried |
in |this |patient. |Symptoms |would |determine |whether |the |antihistamine |should |be |resumed.
Conjunctivitis:
produces |blurred |vision |in |the |affected |eye.
usually |begins |as |a |viral |infection.
produces |anterior |cervical |lymphadenopathy.
is |common |in |patients |who |are |nearsighted. |- |correct |answer |-usually |begins |as |a |viral |infection.
Explanation:
Conjunctivitis |or |"pink |eye" |usually |begins |as |a |viral |infection. |As |the |conjunctiva |becomes |irritated, |
the |eye |is |rubbed |and |fingers |introduce |bacteria. |A |secondary |bacterial |infection |develops. |
Conjunctivitis |produces |a |red |(or |pink) |eye, |but |should |never |produce |blurred |vision. |A |patient |with |a |
red |eye |and |blurred |vision |should |be |referred |to |ophthalmology. |The |pre-auricular |nodes |may |be |
palpable |when |a |patient |has |conjunctivitis, |not |the |anterior |cervical |ones.
At |what |age |would |it |be |unusual |to |see |thrush?
At |birth
2 |months
6 |months
8 |months |- |correct |answer |-At |birth
Explanation:
Thrush |is |an |infection |in |the |oral |cavity |caused |by |yeast. |Yeast |grow |in |a |warm, |dark, |moist |
environment. |It |is |not |unusual |to |see |thrush |in |young |infants |who |are |breast |or |bottle |fed. |It |would |
be |unusual |to |see |thrush |in |a |newborn. |In |fact, |this |should |cause |concern |regarding |an |
immunocompromised |state |in |the |infant |or |hyperglycemia |in |the |mother.
A |patient |presents |with |severe |toothache. |She |reports |sensitivity |to |heat |and |cold. |There |is |visible |
pus |around |the |painful |area. |What |is |this |termed?
, Pulpitis
Caries
Gingivitis
Periodontitis |- |correct |answer |-Pulpitis
Explanation:
The |predominant |symptom |of |patients |who |exhibit |pulpitis |is |pain |especially |elicited |by |thermal |
changes, |cold |and |hot. |The |pain |can |become |severe |and |patients |are |ill |appearing. |Pus |may |be |seen |
around |the |gum |area |or |may |be |restricted |to |the |pulp |cavity. |Caries |and |gingivitis |do |not |produce |
pus. |Periodontitis |is |characterized |by |gingival |inflammation |and |pain. |Pus |is |not |present |in |this |
disease. |A |periodontal |abscess |produces |pain |and |pus, |but |the |pus |is |usually |only |expressed |after |
probing.
How |long |should |a |6 |year |old |with |acute |otitis |media |be |treated |with |an |antibiotic?
5 |days
5-7 |days
10 |days
Until |the |erythema |has |resolved |- |correct |answer |-5-7 |days
Explanation:
The |recommendations |from |the |American |Academy |of |Pediatrics |are |5-7 |days |of |an |antibiotic |for |
children |6 |years |and |older |who |have |mild |to |moderate |acute |otitis |media |(AOM). |Children |less |than |2
|years |of |age |should |be |treated |for |10 |days. |Children |2 |years |and |older |may |be |treated |for |5-7 |days |
for |AOM |if |they |do |not |have |a |history |of |recurrent |AOM.
A |patient |is |diagnosed |with |otitis |externa. |He |complains |of |tragal |pain, |otic |discharge, |otic |itching, |
and |fever. |What |is |the |cardinal |symptom |of |otitis |externa?
Tragal |pain
Otic |discharge
Otic |itching
Fever |- |correct |answer |-Tragal |pain
Explanation:
