BS 161 Exam #1 (Questions & Correct Answers (Graded
A+)
Based on the primer on scale and approximation, the length of a ribosome is
approximately ____ orders of magnitude smaller than the length of a
eukaryotic cell and approximately ____ orders of magnitude larger than the
length of an amino acid. Right Ans - 3, 2
Translation is the process by which: Right Ans - proteins are synthesized
from RNA molecules.
All organisms use which of the following molecules to carry out cellular work
such as growth and moving stubtances? Right Ans - ATP
A major difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells is that:
Right Ans - eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not.
Observations allow scientists to draw tentative explanations called
hypotheses. Right Ans - True
Which of the following is NOT a key feature of individual cells?
- the presence of a plasma membrane
- the ability to store and transit information using nucleic acids
- the presence of a nucleus
- the ability to harvest and transform energy from the environment Right
Ans - the presence of a nucleus
Nucleic acids are important information storage molecules present in virtually
every cell. Which of the following process are carried out by a cell when it
accesses that information in the DNA of the genes? Right Ans -
transcription and translation
The energy before a chemical reaction and the energy after a chemical
reaction is the same. This is an example of: Right Ans - the first law of
thermodynamics.
,If you were to compare the entropy of a dog to that of a bucket of water, which
of the following statement would be TRUE?
- The entropy of the bucket of water would be greater.
- The entropy of the dog would be greater.
- The entropy of the bucket of water and the entropy of the dog would be
equal. Right Ans - The entropy of the bucket of water would be greater.
Imagine that a researcher claimed to have created a genetically modified plant
that produces twice as much energy as it harnesses from its environment.
How could this be possible? Right Ans - This is not possible because such a
plant would violate the second law of thermodynamics
The three main groups, or domains, of organisms are Right Ans - bacteria,
archaea, and eukaryotes.
A mutation in _____ results in a change in _____ that sometimes produces a(n)
_____ with altered structure and function. Right Ans - DNA; RNA; protein
Which one of the following entities does NOT possess the ability to synthesize
its own proteins?
- Archaea and Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya
- Bacteria and Eukarya
- Eukarya and Archaea Right Ans - Eukarya
At some point in their life cycle, all cells have a _____, whereas not all cells have
a(n) _____ Right Ans - plasma membrane; nuclear membrane
Which one of the following represents the pH of a solution with the HIGHEST
concentration of hydrogen ions?
- 9.1
- 4.5
- 11.5
- 7.0
- 1.0 Right Ans - 1.0
, Of the following types of bonds between atoms, which is the STRONGEST?
- ionic bond
- covalent bond
- hydrogen bond
- van der Waals forces Right Ans - covalent bond
The ability of atoms to form bonds is due largely to electrons farthest from the
nucleus. These electrons are called ______ electrons Right Ans - Valence
A pair of atoms joined by a polar covalent bond: Right Ans - has a slight
positive charge on one atom and a slight negative charge on the other
A pair of shared valence electrons is referred to as a(n): Right Ans -
covalent bond
The structural diversity of carbon-based molecules is determined by which of
the following properties? Right Ans - - the ability of those bonds to rotate
freely
- the ability of carbon to form four covalent bonds
- the orientation of those bonds in the form of a tetrahedron
The ability of atoms to attract electrons is referred to as: Right Ans -
electronegativity.
The unique properties of water are due to the _____ of water molecules and the
ability of water to form _____ with other water molecules and with other polar
molecules. Right Ans - polarity; hydrogen bonds
Recall that a carbon atom behaves as if it possesses four valence electrons.
Given this information, what is the MOST likely structural formula for carbon
dioxide (CO2)? Right Ans - O=C=O
1. covalent bond
2. hydrogen bond
3. ionic bond
A. an interaction of a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom
A+)
Based on the primer on scale and approximation, the length of a ribosome is
approximately ____ orders of magnitude smaller than the length of a
eukaryotic cell and approximately ____ orders of magnitude larger than the
length of an amino acid. Right Ans - 3, 2
Translation is the process by which: Right Ans - proteins are synthesized
from RNA molecules.
All organisms use which of the following molecules to carry out cellular work
such as growth and moving stubtances? Right Ans - ATP
A major difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells is that:
Right Ans - eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not.
Observations allow scientists to draw tentative explanations called
hypotheses. Right Ans - True
Which of the following is NOT a key feature of individual cells?
- the presence of a plasma membrane
- the ability to store and transit information using nucleic acids
- the presence of a nucleus
- the ability to harvest and transform energy from the environment Right
Ans - the presence of a nucleus
Nucleic acids are important information storage molecules present in virtually
every cell. Which of the following process are carried out by a cell when it
accesses that information in the DNA of the genes? Right Ans -
transcription and translation
The energy before a chemical reaction and the energy after a chemical
reaction is the same. This is an example of: Right Ans - the first law of
thermodynamics.
,If you were to compare the entropy of a dog to that of a bucket of water, which
of the following statement would be TRUE?
- The entropy of the bucket of water would be greater.
- The entropy of the dog would be greater.
- The entropy of the bucket of water and the entropy of the dog would be
equal. Right Ans - The entropy of the bucket of water would be greater.
Imagine that a researcher claimed to have created a genetically modified plant
that produces twice as much energy as it harnesses from its environment.
How could this be possible? Right Ans - This is not possible because such a
plant would violate the second law of thermodynamics
The three main groups, or domains, of organisms are Right Ans - bacteria,
archaea, and eukaryotes.
A mutation in _____ results in a change in _____ that sometimes produces a(n)
_____ with altered structure and function. Right Ans - DNA; RNA; protein
Which one of the following entities does NOT possess the ability to synthesize
its own proteins?
- Archaea and Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya
- Bacteria and Eukarya
- Eukarya and Archaea Right Ans - Eukarya
At some point in their life cycle, all cells have a _____, whereas not all cells have
a(n) _____ Right Ans - plasma membrane; nuclear membrane
Which one of the following represents the pH of a solution with the HIGHEST
concentration of hydrogen ions?
- 9.1
- 4.5
- 11.5
- 7.0
- 1.0 Right Ans - 1.0
, Of the following types of bonds between atoms, which is the STRONGEST?
- ionic bond
- covalent bond
- hydrogen bond
- van der Waals forces Right Ans - covalent bond
The ability of atoms to form bonds is due largely to electrons farthest from the
nucleus. These electrons are called ______ electrons Right Ans - Valence
A pair of atoms joined by a polar covalent bond: Right Ans - has a slight
positive charge on one atom and a slight negative charge on the other
A pair of shared valence electrons is referred to as a(n): Right Ans -
covalent bond
The structural diversity of carbon-based molecules is determined by which of
the following properties? Right Ans - - the ability of those bonds to rotate
freely
- the ability of carbon to form four covalent bonds
- the orientation of those bonds in the form of a tetrahedron
The ability of atoms to attract electrons is referred to as: Right Ans -
electronegativity.
The unique properties of water are due to the _____ of water molecules and the
ability of water to form _____ with other water molecules and with other polar
molecules. Right Ans - polarity; hydrogen bonds
Recall that a carbon atom behaves as if it possesses four valence electrons.
Given this information, what is the MOST likely structural formula for carbon
dioxide (CO2)? Right Ans - O=C=O
1. covalent bond
2. hydrogen bond
3. ionic bond
A. an interaction of a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom
