COM1502 Summaries and Notes
1
,COM1502 Summaries and Notes
Table of Contents
Chapter 7 - Intrapersonal communication. ............................................................................... 7
7.1 The self ............................................................................................................................. 7
7.2 Self-concept...................................................................................................................... 7
7.2.1 The development of self-concept.............................................................................. 7
7.2.2 Theories about self-concept ...................................................................................... 8
7.2.3 Self-fulfilling prophecies ............................................................................................ 9
7.2.4 Improving self-concept .............................................................................................. 9
7.2.5 Intrapersonal processing ........................................................................................... 9
7.3 Intrapersonal variables................................................................................................... 10
7.3.1 Values ...................................................................................................................... 10
7.3.2 Attitudes .................................................................................................................. 11
7.3.3 Beliefs, opinions and prejudices .............................................................................. 11
7.4 Cultural and gender differences..................................................................................... 12
7.5 Perception of others....................................................................................................... 12
7.5.1 Perceptual inaccuracies ........................................................................................... 13
7.6 Improving the accuracy of your perceptions ................................................................. 13
Aiming for a realistic impression ...................................................................................... 13
Chapter 8 - Interpersonal communication .............................................................................. 14
Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 14
8.1 Buber's theory of interpersonal relationships ............................................................... 14
8.1.1 I-you relationship ..................................................................................................... 14
8.1.2 I-it relationship ........................................................................................................ 14
8.2 Stages in the development of interpersonal relationships ............................................ 15
8.2.1 The interaction stages in coming together.............................................................. 16
8.2.2 The interaction stages in coming apart ................................................................... 17
8.3 Interpersonal communication and self-disclosure ........................................................ 18
8.3.1 Self-disclosure.......................................................................................................... 18
8.3.2 A model of self-disclosure: Johari window .............................................................. 19
8.3.3 Risks of self-disclosure ............................................................................................. 21
8.3.4 Self-disclosure guidelines ........................................................................................ 21
8.4 Interpersonal communication and needs ...................................................................... 21
8.4.1 Schutz's interpersonal needs theory ....................................................................... 21
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,COM1502 Summaries and Notes
8.4.2 Homans's social-exchange theory ........................................................................... 22
8.5 Interpersonal communication and assertiveness .......................................................... 22
8.5.1 Defining assertiveness ............................................................................................. 23
8.5.2 Assertiveness styles ................................................................................................. 23
8.5.2 Developing assertive behaviour .............................................................................. 23
8.6 The presentation of self in everyday life (Goffman) ...................................................... 25
8.6.2 Dramaturgical performance .................................................................................... 25
8.7 Presentation skills .......................................................................................................... 27
Chapter 9 - Small group communication ................................................................................. 28
9.1 Defining a group ............................................................................................................. 28
Group ................................................................................................................................ 28
Small group ....................................................................................................................... 28
Group dynamics ................................................................................................................ 28
9.2 Advantages and disadvantages of small groups ............................................................ 28
9.2.1 Advantages .............................................................................................................. 28
9.2.2 Disadvantages .......................................................................................................... 29
9.3 Group characteristics ..................................................................................................... 29
9.3.1 Optimum number of members ............................................................................... 29
9.3.2 Good working environment ................................................................................. 29
9.3.3 Cohesiveness and commitment to the task ............................................................ 30
9.3.4 Group norms ............................................................................................................ 31
9.3.5 Filling role requirements ......................................................................................... 31
9.3.6 Stages of group formation ....................................................................................... 32
9.4 Communication networks in small groups..................................................................... 33
Communication networks ................................................................................................ 33
9.5 Leadership in groups ...................................................................................................... 34
Leadership ........................................................................................................................ 34
A leader ............................................................................................................................. 34
9.5.1 Leadership theories ................................................................................................. 34
9.5.2 Developing leadership skills .................................................................................... 36
9.6 Discussion in groups ....................................................................................................... 36
9.6.1 Identifying and defining the problem ...................................................................... 36
9.6.2 Analysing and researching the problem .................................................................. 37
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, COM1502 Summaries and Notes
9.7. Group conflict ................................................................................................................ 38
9.7.1 Strategies for conflict resolution ............................................................................. 39
9.8 Differences between interpersonal and group communication ................................... 40
Chapter 10 - Public speaking.................................................................................................... 41
10.1 Determining the purpose of your talk.......................................................................... 41
10.2 Analysing the audience ................................................................................................ 41
10.2.1 Types of information ............................................................................................. 41
10.3 Selecting a topic ........................................................................................................... 42
10.4 Researching the topic ................................................................................................... 43
10.5 Writing the talk ............................................................................................................ 44
10.5.1 The introduction .................................................................................................... 44
10.5.2 The body ................................................................................................................ 44
10.5.3 The conclusion ....................................................................................................... 45
10.6 Organisational techniques for specific purposes ......................................................... 45
10.6.1 Informative talks .................................................................................................... 45
10.6.2 Instructive talks ..................................................................................................... 45
10.6.3 Persuasive talks ..................................................................................................... 46
10.7 Preparing the delivery .................................................................................................. 47
10.7.1 Using notes ............................................................................................................ 47
10.7.2 The language of oral messages ........................................................................ 47
10.7.3 Using your voice .................................................................................................... 47
10.7.4 Nonverbal behaviour ............................................................................................. 47
10.7.5 Dealing with questions .......................................................................................... 48
10.8 Visuals........................................................................................................................... 48
10.9 Evaluating speeches ..................................................................................................... 49
10.9.1 Principles of speech evaluation ............................................................................. 49
Chapter 11 - Mass communication .......................................................................................... 50
11.1 The concept of mass .................................................................................................... 50
Mass communication ....................................................................................................... 50
Mass media ....................................................................................................................... 50
11.2 The process of mass communication ........................................................................... 50
11.2.1 A model of mass communication .......................................................................... 51
11.3 The functions of mass communication ........................................................................ 52
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1
,COM1502 Summaries and Notes
Table of Contents
Chapter 7 - Intrapersonal communication. ............................................................................... 7
7.1 The self ............................................................................................................................. 7
7.2 Self-concept...................................................................................................................... 7
7.2.1 The development of self-concept.............................................................................. 7
7.2.2 Theories about self-concept ...................................................................................... 8
7.2.3 Self-fulfilling prophecies ............................................................................................ 9
7.2.4 Improving self-concept .............................................................................................. 9
7.2.5 Intrapersonal processing ........................................................................................... 9
7.3 Intrapersonal variables................................................................................................... 10
7.3.1 Values ...................................................................................................................... 10
7.3.2 Attitudes .................................................................................................................. 11
7.3.3 Beliefs, opinions and prejudices .............................................................................. 11
7.4 Cultural and gender differences..................................................................................... 12
7.5 Perception of others....................................................................................................... 12
7.5.1 Perceptual inaccuracies ........................................................................................... 13
7.6 Improving the accuracy of your perceptions ................................................................. 13
Aiming for a realistic impression ...................................................................................... 13
Chapter 8 - Interpersonal communication .............................................................................. 14
Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 14
8.1 Buber's theory of interpersonal relationships ............................................................... 14
8.1.1 I-you relationship ..................................................................................................... 14
8.1.2 I-it relationship ........................................................................................................ 14
8.2 Stages in the development of interpersonal relationships ............................................ 15
8.2.1 The interaction stages in coming together.............................................................. 16
8.2.2 The interaction stages in coming apart ................................................................... 17
8.3 Interpersonal communication and self-disclosure ........................................................ 18
8.3.1 Self-disclosure.......................................................................................................... 18
8.3.2 A model of self-disclosure: Johari window .............................................................. 19
8.3.3 Risks of self-disclosure ............................................................................................. 21
8.3.4 Self-disclosure guidelines ........................................................................................ 21
8.4 Interpersonal communication and needs ...................................................................... 21
8.4.1 Schutz's interpersonal needs theory ....................................................................... 21
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,COM1502 Summaries and Notes
8.4.2 Homans's social-exchange theory ........................................................................... 22
8.5 Interpersonal communication and assertiveness .......................................................... 22
8.5.1 Defining assertiveness ............................................................................................. 23
8.5.2 Assertiveness styles ................................................................................................. 23
8.5.2 Developing assertive behaviour .............................................................................. 23
8.6 The presentation of self in everyday life (Goffman) ...................................................... 25
8.6.2 Dramaturgical performance .................................................................................... 25
8.7 Presentation skills .......................................................................................................... 27
Chapter 9 - Small group communication ................................................................................. 28
9.1 Defining a group ............................................................................................................. 28
Group ................................................................................................................................ 28
Small group ....................................................................................................................... 28
Group dynamics ................................................................................................................ 28
9.2 Advantages and disadvantages of small groups ............................................................ 28
9.2.1 Advantages .............................................................................................................. 28
9.2.2 Disadvantages .......................................................................................................... 29
9.3 Group characteristics ..................................................................................................... 29
9.3.1 Optimum number of members ............................................................................... 29
9.3.2 Good working environment ................................................................................. 29
9.3.3 Cohesiveness and commitment to the task ............................................................ 30
9.3.4 Group norms ............................................................................................................ 31
9.3.5 Filling role requirements ......................................................................................... 31
9.3.6 Stages of group formation ....................................................................................... 32
9.4 Communication networks in small groups..................................................................... 33
Communication networks ................................................................................................ 33
9.5 Leadership in groups ...................................................................................................... 34
Leadership ........................................................................................................................ 34
A leader ............................................................................................................................. 34
9.5.1 Leadership theories ................................................................................................. 34
9.5.2 Developing leadership skills .................................................................................... 36
9.6 Discussion in groups ....................................................................................................... 36
9.6.1 Identifying and defining the problem ...................................................................... 36
9.6.2 Analysing and researching the problem .................................................................. 37
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, COM1502 Summaries and Notes
9.7. Group conflict ................................................................................................................ 38
9.7.1 Strategies for conflict resolution ............................................................................. 39
9.8 Differences between interpersonal and group communication ................................... 40
Chapter 10 - Public speaking.................................................................................................... 41
10.1 Determining the purpose of your talk.......................................................................... 41
10.2 Analysing the audience ................................................................................................ 41
10.2.1 Types of information ............................................................................................. 41
10.3 Selecting a topic ........................................................................................................... 42
10.4 Researching the topic ................................................................................................... 43
10.5 Writing the talk ............................................................................................................ 44
10.5.1 The introduction .................................................................................................... 44
10.5.2 The body ................................................................................................................ 44
10.5.3 The conclusion ....................................................................................................... 45
10.6 Organisational techniques for specific purposes ......................................................... 45
10.6.1 Informative talks .................................................................................................... 45
10.6.2 Instructive talks ..................................................................................................... 45
10.6.3 Persuasive talks ..................................................................................................... 46
10.7 Preparing the delivery .................................................................................................. 47
10.7.1 Using notes ............................................................................................................ 47
10.7.2 The language of oral messages ........................................................................ 47
10.7.3 Using your voice .................................................................................................... 47
10.7.4 Nonverbal behaviour ............................................................................................. 47
10.7.5 Dealing with questions .......................................................................................... 48
10.8 Visuals........................................................................................................................... 48
10.9 Evaluating speeches ..................................................................................................... 49
10.9.1 Principles of speech evaluation ............................................................................. 49
Chapter 11 - Mass communication .......................................................................................... 50
11.1 The concept of mass .................................................................................................... 50
Mass communication ....................................................................................................... 50
Mass media ....................................................................................................................... 50
11.2 The process of mass communication ........................................................................... 50
11.2.1 A model of mass communication .......................................................................... 51
11.3 The functions of mass communication ........................................................................ 52
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