CSD431 Exam 2 Questions with Latest
Update
what is aphasia - Answer-disturbance in the perception or production of language that is
not associated with lower-level impairments
language production - Answer--starts with utterance planning
-then speech planning where we figure out the language we want to produce
-then motor planning: trying to figure out how to move articulators in a way to be able to
produce speech
-articulators move and speech is formed
language perception - Answer--auditory processing: speech is heard and processed in
low level auditory way
-then information transferred to an area that allows us to recognize auditory word forms
we are hearing (auditory word forms)
-access what those words mean and comprehend message (message comprehension)
APHASIA NOT A FUNCTION OF LOWER LEVEL IMPAIRMENTS - Answer--does not
include motor or auditory processing, just the upper steps
spoken language - Answer-utterance planning --> speech planning --> motor
processing--> speech produced
perception - Answer-auditory processing --> recognize auditory word forms --> message
comprehension
message comprehension and utterance planning - Answer--very similar processes
-combine them and it is governed by concept center: upper level processing center that
allows us to understand the meaning of message we are going to produce or are
hearing
Wernicke-Lichtheim-Geschwind "House Model" - Answer--speech planning, concept
center, auditory word forms: 3 processing centers that are basis for house model
-auditory word forms sent to concept center in order to understand the words (hear
words, recognize, transfer information about what words we have recognized and
concept center processes them), then from concept center to speech planning (think
about what message we want to convey then transfer to spoken language), then
auditory word forms to speech planning because there is connection between what we
hear and what we say
auditory word forms--> concept center - Answer-supports language comprehension
concept center--> speech planning - Answer-supports language production
, auditory word forms--> speech planning - Answer-supports repetition
Broca's aphasia: production - Answer--nonfluent, sometimes with apraxia of speech
and/or dysarthria
-strong reliance on memorized formulaic expressions
-worse retrieval of verbs than nouns
-marked impairment of closed-class elements (determiners, prepositions)
-reduced syntactic complexity
-agrammatism: missing grammatical morphemes that allow it to be clear (the girl walked
to store" --> "girl walk store" easy to figure out but not correct)
-word-finding difficulties
-rely on repeated elements called stereotypes: might be extent of repetition production
but could improve production; very restricted form of expression as it is used repeatedly
by patient, as if it were the only language form available
Broca's comprehension - Answer--relatively preserved understanding of colloquial
conversation
-poor comprehension of some types of syntactically complex grammatical constructions
* "the girl tickled the boy" not as complex
*" the girl tickled the boy and smiled": more complex because we can't rely on just
content and order, have to know about structure of sentence
Broca's repetition - Answer--disrupted, especially for multi-word sequences and close-
class items
-Includes both listening and producing
-repetition is disrupted in same way as production
-but we expect that their repetition with production is better than production of
spontaneous things
Broca's house model - Answer--speech planning knocked out
-Individuals do not have problem at concept level; know what they want to say and are
capable of understanding the meaning of others speech but cannot turn that into spoken
language
-deficits for speech planning means also deficits for repetition because repetition
supports production ability
Broca's damage location - Answer--damage to brocas area alone is not enough to
produce Broca's aphasia
-usually involves brocas area + surrounding areas including MI and insula
heat map
-1st picture: 3 white lines go through area we would expect to see damage; indicate
where we have taken rest of pictures
-colors: overlaps in lesions of multiple people with brocas aphasia
Update
what is aphasia - Answer-disturbance in the perception or production of language that is
not associated with lower-level impairments
language production - Answer--starts with utterance planning
-then speech planning where we figure out the language we want to produce
-then motor planning: trying to figure out how to move articulators in a way to be able to
produce speech
-articulators move and speech is formed
language perception - Answer--auditory processing: speech is heard and processed in
low level auditory way
-then information transferred to an area that allows us to recognize auditory word forms
we are hearing (auditory word forms)
-access what those words mean and comprehend message (message comprehension)
APHASIA NOT A FUNCTION OF LOWER LEVEL IMPAIRMENTS - Answer--does not
include motor or auditory processing, just the upper steps
spoken language - Answer-utterance planning --> speech planning --> motor
processing--> speech produced
perception - Answer-auditory processing --> recognize auditory word forms --> message
comprehension
message comprehension and utterance planning - Answer--very similar processes
-combine them and it is governed by concept center: upper level processing center that
allows us to understand the meaning of message we are going to produce or are
hearing
Wernicke-Lichtheim-Geschwind "House Model" - Answer--speech planning, concept
center, auditory word forms: 3 processing centers that are basis for house model
-auditory word forms sent to concept center in order to understand the words (hear
words, recognize, transfer information about what words we have recognized and
concept center processes them), then from concept center to speech planning (think
about what message we want to convey then transfer to spoken language), then
auditory word forms to speech planning because there is connection between what we
hear and what we say
auditory word forms--> concept center - Answer-supports language comprehension
concept center--> speech planning - Answer-supports language production
, auditory word forms--> speech planning - Answer-supports repetition
Broca's aphasia: production - Answer--nonfluent, sometimes with apraxia of speech
and/or dysarthria
-strong reliance on memorized formulaic expressions
-worse retrieval of verbs than nouns
-marked impairment of closed-class elements (determiners, prepositions)
-reduced syntactic complexity
-agrammatism: missing grammatical morphemes that allow it to be clear (the girl walked
to store" --> "girl walk store" easy to figure out but not correct)
-word-finding difficulties
-rely on repeated elements called stereotypes: might be extent of repetition production
but could improve production; very restricted form of expression as it is used repeatedly
by patient, as if it were the only language form available
Broca's comprehension - Answer--relatively preserved understanding of colloquial
conversation
-poor comprehension of some types of syntactically complex grammatical constructions
* "the girl tickled the boy" not as complex
*" the girl tickled the boy and smiled": more complex because we can't rely on just
content and order, have to know about structure of sentence
Broca's repetition - Answer--disrupted, especially for multi-word sequences and close-
class items
-Includes both listening and producing
-repetition is disrupted in same way as production
-but we expect that their repetition with production is better than production of
spontaneous things
Broca's house model - Answer--speech planning knocked out
-Individuals do not have problem at concept level; know what they want to say and are
capable of understanding the meaning of others speech but cannot turn that into spoken
language
-deficits for speech planning means also deficits for repetition because repetition
supports production ability
Broca's damage location - Answer--damage to brocas area alone is not enough to
produce Broca's aphasia
-usually involves brocas area + surrounding areas including MI and insula
heat map
-1st picture: 3 white lines go through area we would expect to see damage; indicate
where we have taken rest of pictures
-colors: overlaps in lesions of multiple people with brocas aphasia
