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BIOL121 Syllabus palm cards- OT Exam
Questions With Correct Answers
Chem- Elements - answer✔- Made of only one type of atom w/ same number of protons
- Elements have their own characteristic physical and chemical properties
- Simplest substance
Chem- Molecules - answer✔- General term used to describe two or more atoms joined
together by chemical bonds.
- Element or compound
Roles of H, K, Na, C, Ca, Fe - answer✔- H: component of all organic compounds
- Na: fluid balance, nervous impulse, main extracellular cation
- K: nervous impulses, main intracellular cation
- C: principle element in organic compounds
- Ca: muscle contraction, nervous impulses, blood coagulation, bones and teeth
- Fe: component of haemoglobin
1|Page
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- O: cellular respiration
- N: compounds of amines, amino acids and nucleic acid
- P: component of ATP
- S: found in proteins
- Cl: principle extracellular anion
- Mg: cofactor for enzymes
Anions - answer✔- Negative
- Gain elec
Cations - answer✔- Positive
- Lose elec
Macromolecules - answer✔- Proteins: structure, haemoglobin
- Carbohydrates: ATP, glucose
- Lipids/fats: energy storage, phospholipids
- Nucleic acid (building blocks of genes): inherited genetic material, DNA/RNA
- Functions:
· Structure/form work
2|Page
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· Storage
· Messengers
· Control
pH and body systems - answer✔- Inside and outside of cell are pH balanced to ensure
homeostasis
- Abnormal pH can damage cells and tissues disrupting body functions (break bonds, change
shape of biological molecule, alter cellular functions
- Buffer takes or releases H+ ions, prevent large pH changes
- Blood pH 7.35-7.45
Cell - answer✔- Group of atoms, molecules and organelles working together
- Basic unit of life
- Cell numbers vary in health and disease
Cell membrane - answer✔- Barrier: separate intracellular and extracellular fluid
- Gatekeeper: selectively permeable (solubility, size and charge)
- Communication: Receptor, work together, homeostasis
- Structural features
3|Page
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o Phospholipids
+ Hydrophilic phosphate heads
+ Hydrophobic lipid tails
o Proteins- integral
+ Channels, gates or pumps
+ Carrier proteins
+ Receptors
+ Anchoring proteins
Role and location of receptors - answer✔- On cell membrane
- Communicate with other cells
Organelle parts - answer✔- Ribosomes
- Mitochondria
- Nucleus
Ribosomes - answer✔- Site of protein synthesis/ production
- Freely float in the cytosol
- Membrane-bound: rough endoplasmic reticulum (modifies and transport protiens) (cells that
secret proteins and b cells= lots of RER)
4|Page
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
BIOL121 Syllabus palm cards- OT Exam
Questions With Correct Answers
Chem- Elements - answer✔- Made of only one type of atom w/ same number of protons
- Elements have their own characteristic physical and chemical properties
- Simplest substance
Chem- Molecules - answer✔- General term used to describe two or more atoms joined
together by chemical bonds.
- Element or compound
Roles of H, K, Na, C, Ca, Fe - answer✔- H: component of all organic compounds
- Na: fluid balance, nervous impulse, main extracellular cation
- K: nervous impulses, main intracellular cation
- C: principle element in organic compounds
- Ca: muscle contraction, nervous impulses, blood coagulation, bones and teeth
- Fe: component of haemoglobin
1|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
- O: cellular respiration
- N: compounds of amines, amino acids and nucleic acid
- P: component of ATP
- S: found in proteins
- Cl: principle extracellular anion
- Mg: cofactor for enzymes
Anions - answer✔- Negative
- Gain elec
Cations - answer✔- Positive
- Lose elec
Macromolecules - answer✔- Proteins: structure, haemoglobin
- Carbohydrates: ATP, glucose
- Lipids/fats: energy storage, phospholipids
- Nucleic acid (building blocks of genes): inherited genetic material, DNA/RNA
- Functions:
· Structure/form work
2|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
· Storage
· Messengers
· Control
pH and body systems - answer✔- Inside and outside of cell are pH balanced to ensure
homeostasis
- Abnormal pH can damage cells and tissues disrupting body functions (break bonds, change
shape of biological molecule, alter cellular functions
- Buffer takes or releases H+ ions, prevent large pH changes
- Blood pH 7.35-7.45
Cell - answer✔- Group of atoms, molecules and organelles working together
- Basic unit of life
- Cell numbers vary in health and disease
Cell membrane - answer✔- Barrier: separate intracellular and extracellular fluid
- Gatekeeper: selectively permeable (solubility, size and charge)
- Communication: Receptor, work together, homeostasis
- Structural features
3|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
o Phospholipids
+ Hydrophilic phosphate heads
+ Hydrophobic lipid tails
o Proteins- integral
+ Channels, gates or pumps
+ Carrier proteins
+ Receptors
+ Anchoring proteins
Role and location of receptors - answer✔- On cell membrane
- Communicate with other cells
Organelle parts - answer✔- Ribosomes
- Mitochondria
- Nucleus
Ribosomes - answer✔- Site of protein synthesis/ production
- Freely float in the cytosol
- Membrane-bound: rough endoplasmic reticulum (modifies and transport protiens) (cells that
secret proteins and b cells= lots of RER)
4|Page
