SPHU 1020 Final Exam With
Complete Solution
one health - ANSWER the idea that the health of people is connected to the
health of animals and our shared environment
3 common factors that affect One Health - ANSWER - human population
growing --> close contact
- environmental changes in climate/land use --> disruption of animal's
habitats
- travel and trade increasing --> spreading of diseases
antimicrobial resistance (AMR) - ANSWER ability of microorganism to stop
an antimicrobial (such as antibiotics) from working against it, occurs
naturally over time
- standard treatments become ineffective
- medical procedures become very high risk
zoonotic diseases (aka zoonoses) - ANSWER caused by infections that spread
between animals and people (ex. influenza, covid, ebola, Chagas, salmonella,
etc)
endemic vs. pandemic vs. epidemic - ANSWER endemic: prevalence of
disease in population is constant at a certain rate
pandemic: epidemic over multiple countries or continents
epidemic: increase in the number of cases above what is normally expected in
,a population
morbidity - ANSWER state of being symptomatic or unhealthy for a disease
or condition (sickness rate)
Rabies type of biological virus, transmission causes, symptoms, prevention
methods - ANSWER - Rhabdoviridae, single stranded RNA virus
- transmission thru direct contact like skin/mucous membranes in eyes, nose,
mouth (mostly from animals)
- symptoms: flu-like, progression to neurologic symptoms and death
- extremely fatal, but easily preventable: vaccination, prompt wound care,
etc.
what animals are most likely to give you rabies - ANSWER bats, raccoons,
skunks, foxes, mongooses
true or false: domestic dogs and other mammal pets can get rabies from wild
animals, or transmit to wild animals - ANSWER true
Leptospirosis bacteria name, transmission/outbreak causes, symptoms,
prevention methods - ANSWER - Leptospira
- transmission: direct contact with infected animal urine or contaminated
water and soil (rodents)
- exposure with contaminated water can cause (hurricane or flood)
- symptoms: liver or kidney failure, wide range of symptoms
- prevention: antibiotics, vaccines, minimize exposure
bioterrorism - ANSWER intentional release of viruses, bacteria, or other
, germs that can sicken or kill people, livestock, or crops
Anthrax bacteria type, how animals can get it, and how humans can get it -
ANSWER Bacillus anthracis, gram positive rod shaped
- bacteria produces spores, which exist naturally in environment and in
plants, so herbivorous animals are at a risk
- humans making contact with animals/animal products, through skin or
mucous, inhalation, ingestion, injection
why is the range of mortality rate for Anthrax so large - ANSWER depends on
route of entry - certain routes have much higher mortalities than others
Foot and mouth disease virus type, who it affects, symptoms, economic
burden - ANSWER - NOT transmissible to humans, not a PH risk
- affects cloven-hoofed animals (cattle, swine, sheep, goats, etc), domestic
and wild
- symptoms: blisters on feet, tongue, and mouth, loss of appetite,
depression, growth reduction, milk reduction
- very high morbidity (nearly 100%)
- trade restrictions and loss of product from sick animals causes economic
losses
Foot and mouth disease 2001 UK outbreak - ANSWER - resulted in slaughter
of 7 million animals
- 10-20 billion dollars financial impact
Complete Solution
one health - ANSWER the idea that the health of people is connected to the
health of animals and our shared environment
3 common factors that affect One Health - ANSWER - human population
growing --> close contact
- environmental changes in climate/land use --> disruption of animal's
habitats
- travel and trade increasing --> spreading of diseases
antimicrobial resistance (AMR) - ANSWER ability of microorganism to stop
an antimicrobial (such as antibiotics) from working against it, occurs
naturally over time
- standard treatments become ineffective
- medical procedures become very high risk
zoonotic diseases (aka zoonoses) - ANSWER caused by infections that spread
between animals and people (ex. influenza, covid, ebola, Chagas, salmonella,
etc)
endemic vs. pandemic vs. epidemic - ANSWER endemic: prevalence of
disease in population is constant at a certain rate
pandemic: epidemic over multiple countries or continents
epidemic: increase in the number of cases above what is normally expected in
,a population
morbidity - ANSWER state of being symptomatic or unhealthy for a disease
or condition (sickness rate)
Rabies type of biological virus, transmission causes, symptoms, prevention
methods - ANSWER - Rhabdoviridae, single stranded RNA virus
- transmission thru direct contact like skin/mucous membranes in eyes, nose,
mouth (mostly from animals)
- symptoms: flu-like, progression to neurologic symptoms and death
- extremely fatal, but easily preventable: vaccination, prompt wound care,
etc.
what animals are most likely to give you rabies - ANSWER bats, raccoons,
skunks, foxes, mongooses
true or false: domestic dogs and other mammal pets can get rabies from wild
animals, or transmit to wild animals - ANSWER true
Leptospirosis bacteria name, transmission/outbreak causes, symptoms,
prevention methods - ANSWER - Leptospira
- transmission: direct contact with infected animal urine or contaminated
water and soil (rodents)
- exposure with contaminated water can cause (hurricane or flood)
- symptoms: liver or kidney failure, wide range of symptoms
- prevention: antibiotics, vaccines, minimize exposure
bioterrorism - ANSWER intentional release of viruses, bacteria, or other
, germs that can sicken or kill people, livestock, or crops
Anthrax bacteria type, how animals can get it, and how humans can get it -
ANSWER Bacillus anthracis, gram positive rod shaped
- bacteria produces spores, which exist naturally in environment and in
plants, so herbivorous animals are at a risk
- humans making contact with animals/animal products, through skin or
mucous, inhalation, ingestion, injection
why is the range of mortality rate for Anthrax so large - ANSWER depends on
route of entry - certain routes have much higher mortalities than others
Foot and mouth disease virus type, who it affects, symptoms, economic
burden - ANSWER - NOT transmissible to humans, not a PH risk
- affects cloven-hoofed animals (cattle, swine, sheep, goats, etc), domestic
and wild
- symptoms: blisters on feet, tongue, and mouth, loss of appetite,
depression, growth reduction, milk reduction
- very high morbidity (nearly 100%)
- trade restrictions and loss of product from sick animals causes economic
losses
Foot and mouth disease 2001 UK outbreak - ANSWER - resulted in slaughter
of 7 million animals
- 10-20 billion dollars financial impact
