Nr507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm

NR507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM


Hypersensitivity:yoTypeyo1yo-yoans--
✔✔Typeyo1:yoAllergicyoreaction,yoMediatedyobyyoIgE,yoInflammationyodueyotoyomastyocellyod
egranulation

Localyosymptoms:yo
-itching
-rash
Systemicyosymptoms:yo
-wheezing
Mostyodangerousyo=yoanaphylacticyoreaction
systemicyoresponseyoofyohypotension,yosevereyobronchoconstriction
Mainyotreatment:yoepinephrineyoreversesyotheyoeffects

Hypersensitivity:yoTypeyo2yo-yoans--
✔✔Typeyo2:yoCytotoxicyoreaction;yotissueyospecificyo(ex:yothyroidyotissue)

Macrophagesyoareyotheyoprimaryyoeffectorsyocellsyoinvolved

Canyocauseyotissueyodamageyooryoalteryofunction

Grave'syodiseaseyo(hyperthyroidism)yo-
yoexampleyoofyoalteringyothyroidyofunction,yobutyodoesyonotyodestroyyothyroidyotissue


Incompatibleyobloodyotype-yoexampleyoofyocell/
tissueyodamageyothatyooccurs;yosevereyotransfusionyoreactionyooccursyoandyotheyotransfuse
dyoerythrocytesyoareyodestroyedyobyyoagglutinationyooryocomplement-mediatedyolysis.

Typeyo1yoHypersensitivityyoVS.yoTypeyo2yoHypersensitivityyo-yoans--
✔✔Typeyo1yoHypersensitivity
OrganyoSpecific
Antibodyyobindsyotoyotheyoantigenyoonyotheyocellyosurface

Typeyo2yoHypersensitivity
NotyoOrganyoSpecific
Antibodyyobindsyotoyotheyosolubleyoantigenyooutsideyotheyocellyosurfaceyothatyowasyorelease
dyointoyotheyobloodyooryobodyyofluids,yoandyotheyocomplexyoisyothenyodepositedyoinyotheyotissu
es

, Hypersensitivity:yoTypeyo3yo-yoExamplesyo-yoans--✔✔Rheumatoidyoarthritis:yoAntigen/
antibodiesyoareyodepositedyoinyotheyojoints

SystemicyoLupusyoErythematosusyo(SLE)-yoveryyocloselyyorelatedyotoyoautoimmunity-
yoantigen/antibodiesyodeposityoinyoorgansyothatyocauseyotissueyodamage


Hypersensitivity:yoTypeyo4yo-yoans--✔✔Delayedyoresponse

Doesyonotyoinvolveyoantigen/antibodyyocomplexesyolikeyoTypesyo1,yo2yoandyo3

IsyoT-cellyomediated

DifferentiatingyoBetweenyotheyoRashyoofyoayoTypeyo1yovs.yoTypeyo4yoReaction:yo-yoans--
✔✔Typeyo1:yoImmediateyohypersensitivityyoreactions,yotermedyoatopicyodermatitis,yoareyou
suallyyocharacterizedyobyyowidelyyodistributedyolesions

Typeyo4:yoContactyodermatitisyo(delayedyohypersensitivity)yoconsistsyoofyolesionsyoonlyyoatyo
theyositeyoofyocontactyowithyotheyoallergen

Theyokeyyodeterminantyoisyotheyotimingyoofyotheyorash:yo
-Typeyo1yo=yoImmediateyo
-Typeyo4yo=yoDelayed:yoSeveralyodaysyofollowingyocontact,yoexyowouldyobeyopoisonyoivy

TreatmentyoofyoTypeyo4yoRashyo-yoans--✔✔Ayonon-
severeyocaseyoofyocontactyodermatitisyowouldyobeyotreatedyowithyotopicalyocorticosteroid.yo

Whyyonotyoepinephrineyooryoantihistamines?yo
-
EpinephrineyoisyoforyoemergentyoTypeyo1yoanaphylacticyoreactions.yoAntihistaminesyoactyoo
nyotheyoH1yoreceptors.yoTypeyo4yodoesyonotyoinvolveyomastyocellsyoandyoH1yoreceptors.yo

Antibioticsyonotyoappropriateyosinceyonotyoanyoinfection

Autoimmunityyo-yoans--
✔✔Autoimmuneyodiseaseyocanyobeyofamilial,yoAffectedyofamilyyomembersyomayyonotyoallyod
evelopyotheyosameyodisease,yobutyoseveralyomembersyomayyohaveyodifferentyodisordersyoch
aracterizedyobyyoayovarietyyoofyohypersensitivityyoreactions,yoTheseyoincludeyoautoimmuney
oandyoallergicyoreactions
Associationsyowithyoparticularyoautoimmuneyodiseasesyohaveyobeenyoidentifiedyoforyoayovari
etyyoofyomajoryohistocompatibilityyocomplexyo(MHC)yoallelesyooryonon-MHCyogenes

Alloimmunityyo-yoans--
✔✔Generalyotermyousedyotoyodescribeyowhenyoanyoindividual'syoimmuneyosystemyoreactsyo
againstyoantigensyoonyotheyotissuesyoofyootheryomembersyoofyotheyosameyospecies.yo