HSES 330 EXAM 3 STUDY SET
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
how many total vitamins are there? - Answer 13
how many vitamins are water soluble? - Answer 9
how many vitamins are fat soluble? - Answer 4
enrichment - Answer adding back some vitamins and minerals lost during milling
fortification - Answer adding vitamins and minerals beyond what is naturally in the food.
general overview of vitamins in the body - Answer -fat soluble vitamins stored in liver or
fat stores(except vitamin k)
- water soluble are excreted by urine (except b12)
when do vitamin deficiency symptoms occur? - Answer when that vitamin is lacking in
the diet and body stores over time are eventually exhausted
toxicity possible? - Answer - fat soluble more likely to be toxic
- not from food, only from supplements
- dosage limits have been set for most vitamins
What is the main function of vitamin D - Answer regulates blood calcium levels for bone
health
what are two general ways to meet daily vitamin D recommendations? - Answer sun and
food like fatty fish, cod liver oil, and fortified milk, margarines and yogurt
Which vitamins are considered antioxidants? - Answer A,C,E
Which minerals are considered antioxidants? - Answer selenium, copper, manganese
and zinc
Given the state of research, should antioxidants be supplemented? - Answer at this
point, studies have been inconclusive. best advice: Get your antioxidants from food with
a balanced and varied diet
What is the main function of vitamin K? - Answer blood clotting
Explain the general characteristics of water soluble vitamins. - Answer -B vitamins
mainly function as a coenzymes, very prevalent in energy metabolism
-Absorption rates range from 50-90%
,- Generally readily excreted by kidneys
what population is at risk for water soluble vitamin deficiencies? - Answer `Pregnant
women, alcoholics, older adults, anorexics, history of chronic diarrhea, those in
underdeveloped countries
What is the function of Thiamin (water soluble b1) - Answer functions as a coenzyme in
the metabolism of carbohydrates and branched-chain amino acids
what is the function of Riboflavin (water soluble b2) - Answer catalyst for redox
reactions in numerous metabolic pathways and in energy production
what is the function of Niacin (water soluble b3) - Answer -Niacin functions as a
coenzyme in more than 50 metabolic reactions (NAD from Krebs cycle is an example)
- Amino acid tryptophan can be converted to niacin
- High doses used as treatment for high cholesterol
what is the function of Pantothenic Acid (water soluble b5) - Answer breakdown of fats
and carbohydrates for energy, critical to the manufacture of red blood cells, also sex
and stress-related hormones produced in the adrenal glands
what is the function of b6? (water soluble) - Answer Coenzyme involved in over 100
enzyme reactions, mostly involving protein metabolism
what is the function of biotin? (water soluble) - Answer Necessary for cell growth, the
production of fatty acids, and the metabolism of fats and amino acids (component of
acetyl Coa)
what is the function of folate? (water soluble) - Answer - DNA synthesis
- Neurotransmitter formation
- Assists with deamination of amino acids
what is the function of b12 (water soluble) - Answer Key role in the normal functioning of
the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood.
what is the function of vitamin c (water soluble) - Answer antioxidant, enhances
immunity, plays role in collagen formation
Intravascular and interstitial fluids - Answer extracellular fluids
intracellular fluid - Answer fluid within the cell
What are the main 2 minerals involved in fluid balance? - Answer Sodium
Potassium
Explain the 3 steps of the sweat mechanism. - Answer 1. Water in cells absorb any
, excess heat and the heated water travels through the blood to skin surface
2. Body secretes heated water via perspiration
3. Skin is cooled as perspiration evaporates
What role do ADH and aldosterone have in fluid balance? - Answer signal the kidneys to
retain sodium and water,
respectively, thus increasing blood volume.
Which of the 16 essential minerals are trace? - Answer (9)
Iron
Zinc
Chromium
Copper
Iodine
Selenium
Flouride
Manganese
Molybdenum
Which of the 16 essential minerals are major? - Answer (7)
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Magnesium
Chlorine
systolic blood pressure - Answer Systolic is pressure in arteries when heart pumps
diastolic blood pressure - Answer Diastolic is pressure in arteries when heart relaxed
what is considered normal blood pressure? - Answer 120/80
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
how many total vitamins are there? - Answer 13
how many vitamins are water soluble? - Answer 9
how many vitamins are fat soluble? - Answer 4
enrichment - Answer adding back some vitamins and minerals lost during milling
fortification - Answer adding vitamins and minerals beyond what is naturally in the food.
general overview of vitamins in the body - Answer -fat soluble vitamins stored in liver or
fat stores(except vitamin k)
- water soluble are excreted by urine (except b12)
when do vitamin deficiency symptoms occur? - Answer when that vitamin is lacking in
the diet and body stores over time are eventually exhausted
toxicity possible? - Answer - fat soluble more likely to be toxic
- not from food, only from supplements
- dosage limits have been set for most vitamins
What is the main function of vitamin D - Answer regulates blood calcium levels for bone
health
what are two general ways to meet daily vitamin D recommendations? - Answer sun and
food like fatty fish, cod liver oil, and fortified milk, margarines and yogurt
Which vitamins are considered antioxidants? - Answer A,C,E
Which minerals are considered antioxidants? - Answer selenium, copper, manganese
and zinc
Given the state of research, should antioxidants be supplemented? - Answer at this
point, studies have been inconclusive. best advice: Get your antioxidants from food with
a balanced and varied diet
What is the main function of vitamin K? - Answer blood clotting
Explain the general characteristics of water soluble vitamins. - Answer -B vitamins
mainly function as a coenzymes, very prevalent in energy metabolism
-Absorption rates range from 50-90%
,- Generally readily excreted by kidneys
what population is at risk for water soluble vitamin deficiencies? - Answer `Pregnant
women, alcoholics, older adults, anorexics, history of chronic diarrhea, those in
underdeveloped countries
What is the function of Thiamin (water soluble b1) - Answer functions as a coenzyme in
the metabolism of carbohydrates and branched-chain amino acids
what is the function of Riboflavin (water soluble b2) - Answer catalyst for redox
reactions in numerous metabolic pathways and in energy production
what is the function of Niacin (water soluble b3) - Answer -Niacin functions as a
coenzyme in more than 50 metabolic reactions (NAD from Krebs cycle is an example)
- Amino acid tryptophan can be converted to niacin
- High doses used as treatment for high cholesterol
what is the function of Pantothenic Acid (water soluble b5) - Answer breakdown of fats
and carbohydrates for energy, critical to the manufacture of red blood cells, also sex
and stress-related hormones produced in the adrenal glands
what is the function of b6? (water soluble) - Answer Coenzyme involved in over 100
enzyme reactions, mostly involving protein metabolism
what is the function of biotin? (water soluble) - Answer Necessary for cell growth, the
production of fatty acids, and the metabolism of fats and amino acids (component of
acetyl Coa)
what is the function of folate? (water soluble) - Answer - DNA synthesis
- Neurotransmitter formation
- Assists with deamination of amino acids
what is the function of b12 (water soluble) - Answer Key role in the normal functioning of
the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood.
what is the function of vitamin c (water soluble) - Answer antioxidant, enhances
immunity, plays role in collagen formation
Intravascular and interstitial fluids - Answer extracellular fluids
intracellular fluid - Answer fluid within the cell
What are the main 2 minerals involved in fluid balance? - Answer Sodium
Potassium
Explain the 3 steps of the sweat mechanism. - Answer 1. Water in cells absorb any
, excess heat and the heated water travels through the blood to skin surface
2. Body secretes heated water via perspiration
3. Skin is cooled as perspiration evaporates
What role do ADH and aldosterone have in fluid balance? - Answer signal the kidneys to
retain sodium and water,
respectively, thus increasing blood volume.
Which of the 16 essential minerals are trace? - Answer (9)
Iron
Zinc
Chromium
Copper
Iodine
Selenium
Flouride
Manganese
Molybdenum
Which of the 16 essential minerals are major? - Answer (7)
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Magnesium
Chlorine
systolic blood pressure - Answer Systolic is pressure in arteries when heart pumps
diastolic blood pressure - Answer Diastolic is pressure in arteries when heart relaxed
what is considered normal blood pressure? - Answer 120/80
