POS1041 EXAM STUDY SET
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
What are civil rights? - Answer Rights and privileges of individuals, particularly based on
the 14th amendment to the U.S constitution, and on subsequent acts passed by
congress, primarily designed to promote political, social and economic equality.
How do civil rights differ from civil liberties? - Answer Civil rights are rights granted and
protected by a government for its people with regard to ensuring fairness and
preventing discrimination such as age or gender. Civil liberties are personal guarantees
and freedoms that the government cannot abridge, either by law or by judicial
interpretation such as freedom of speech.
Reconstruction - Answer The post- Civil War period when the southern states were
occupied by federal troops and newly freed African Americans occupied many political
offices and exercised civil rights.
Jim Crow - Answer Second- class- citizen status conferred on blacks by Southern
segregations laws; derived from a nineteenth century song-and-dance that stereotype
blacks.
Separate-but-equal - Answer Ruling of the Supreme Court in the case of Plessy v.
Ferguson (1896) to the effect that segregated facilities were legal as long as the
facilities were equal.
NAACP - Answer The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is a
no organization established to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic
equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate race-based discrimination.
Brown v Bd of Education (1954)- - Answer a landmark United States Supreme Court
case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for
black and white students unconstitutional.
De facto Segregation - Answer Racial imbalance not directly caused by official actions
but rather by residential patterns
Nonviolent Direct Action - Answer Strategy used by civil rights leaders such as Martin
Luther King, Jr., in which protesters break "unjust" laws openly but in a "loving" fashion.
in order to bring the injustices of such laws to public attention.
Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968 - Answer The Civil Rights Acts of 1964 outlawed
discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The Civil Rights
Acts of 1968 prohibits discrimination in the advertising, financing, sale, or rental of
housing, based on race, religion, or national origin and sex.
, difference between equality of opportunity and equality of outcome - Answer Equality of
opportunity is the elimination of barriers to success in life and the opportunity for
everyone to strive for success. Equality of outcome is the idea of equal sharing of
income and material goods.
Purpose and controversy over the use of affirmative action by the government to
overcome the results of part unequal treatment for racial minorities and women -
Answer Affirmative action gives preferential treatment in hiring, admissions,
promotions, or other aspects of life to overcome past unequal treatment of members of
minorities and/ or women. The controversy of this is if affirmative action is
discrimination against whites.
What general tendencies has the Supreme court established which increase the
likelihood that an affirmative action program will be found constitutional? - Answer •
They are adopted in response to a past proven history of discrimination.
• They do not absolutely bar whites or ban them from competing or participating
• They serve a clearly identified, legitimate, and "compelling governmental interest."
• They are "narrowly tailored" to achieve the government's compelling interests and
represent the "least restrictive" means of doing.
districtions among Hispanics in the US demographically and politically - Answer • The
nations largest minority
• Largest subgroup is Mexican Americans (3/4 of Hispanic population).
• Mexican American voter turnout is weak
• Overall, most hispanic identify with the Democratic Party.
What are the historical roots of the issues that currently confront American Indians in
the U.S. - Answer • The American Indian population of the Western Hemisphere was
devastated by warfare, famine, and epidemic deceases brought from Europe and fell by
90%
• Roughly half of American Indians live on reservations and trust lands.
• Remain poorest and least healthy in the US
• high incidents of infant mortality, suicide, and alcoholism.
• Approximately half of all American Indians live below the poverty line
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
Employment - Answer Disabled people cannot be denied employment or promotion if,
with "reasonable accommodation," they can perform the duties of the job.
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
What are civil rights? - Answer Rights and privileges of individuals, particularly based on
the 14th amendment to the U.S constitution, and on subsequent acts passed by
congress, primarily designed to promote political, social and economic equality.
How do civil rights differ from civil liberties? - Answer Civil rights are rights granted and
protected by a government for its people with regard to ensuring fairness and
preventing discrimination such as age or gender. Civil liberties are personal guarantees
and freedoms that the government cannot abridge, either by law or by judicial
interpretation such as freedom of speech.
Reconstruction - Answer The post- Civil War period when the southern states were
occupied by federal troops and newly freed African Americans occupied many political
offices and exercised civil rights.
Jim Crow - Answer Second- class- citizen status conferred on blacks by Southern
segregations laws; derived from a nineteenth century song-and-dance that stereotype
blacks.
Separate-but-equal - Answer Ruling of the Supreme Court in the case of Plessy v.
Ferguson (1896) to the effect that segregated facilities were legal as long as the
facilities were equal.
NAACP - Answer The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is a
no organization established to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic
equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate race-based discrimination.
Brown v Bd of Education (1954)- - Answer a landmark United States Supreme Court
case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for
black and white students unconstitutional.
De facto Segregation - Answer Racial imbalance not directly caused by official actions
but rather by residential patterns
Nonviolent Direct Action - Answer Strategy used by civil rights leaders such as Martin
Luther King, Jr., in which protesters break "unjust" laws openly but in a "loving" fashion.
in order to bring the injustices of such laws to public attention.
Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968 - Answer The Civil Rights Acts of 1964 outlawed
discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The Civil Rights
Acts of 1968 prohibits discrimination in the advertising, financing, sale, or rental of
housing, based on race, religion, or national origin and sex.
, difference between equality of opportunity and equality of outcome - Answer Equality of
opportunity is the elimination of barriers to success in life and the opportunity for
everyone to strive for success. Equality of outcome is the idea of equal sharing of
income and material goods.
Purpose and controversy over the use of affirmative action by the government to
overcome the results of part unequal treatment for racial minorities and women -
Answer Affirmative action gives preferential treatment in hiring, admissions,
promotions, or other aspects of life to overcome past unequal treatment of members of
minorities and/ or women. The controversy of this is if affirmative action is
discrimination against whites.
What general tendencies has the Supreme court established which increase the
likelihood that an affirmative action program will be found constitutional? - Answer •
They are adopted in response to a past proven history of discrimination.
• They do not absolutely bar whites or ban them from competing or participating
• They serve a clearly identified, legitimate, and "compelling governmental interest."
• They are "narrowly tailored" to achieve the government's compelling interests and
represent the "least restrictive" means of doing.
districtions among Hispanics in the US demographically and politically - Answer • The
nations largest minority
• Largest subgroup is Mexican Americans (3/4 of Hispanic population).
• Mexican American voter turnout is weak
• Overall, most hispanic identify with the Democratic Party.
What are the historical roots of the issues that currently confront American Indians in
the U.S. - Answer • The American Indian population of the Western Hemisphere was
devastated by warfare, famine, and epidemic deceases brought from Europe and fell by
90%
• Roughly half of American Indians live on reservations and trust lands.
• Remain poorest and least healthy in the US
• high incidents of infant mortality, suicide, and alcoholism.
• Approximately half of all American Indians live below the poverty line
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
Employment - Answer Disabled people cannot be denied employment or promotion if,
with "reasonable accommodation," they can perform the duties of the job.
