NBE-Funeral service science questions and complete verified answers graded A+

NBE-Funeral service science questions and complete verified answers graded A+ 1. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome/ AIDS - ANSWER a specific group of diseases or conditions which are indicative of severe immunosuppression related to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); persons dead having had AIDS may exhibit conditions such as wasting syndrome, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and Kaposi's sarcoma 2. Action Level/ AL Exposure Limits - ANSWER these levels are established to ensure adequate protection of employees at exposures below the OSHA limits, but to minimize the compliance burdens for employers whose employees have exposure below the 8hour permissible exposure limit (PEL). The AL for formaldehyde is 0.5ppm 3. Actual Pressure - ANSWER that pressure which is indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body 4. Adipocere (Grave Wax) - ANSWER a wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil 5. Aerobic - ANSWER in the presence of free oxygen 6. Aerosolization - ANSWER to disperse as an aerosol; minute particles of blood and water become atomized and suspended in air when water under pressure meets the blood drainage or when flushing an undercover flush sink 7. Agglutination (Congealing) - ANSWER intravascular, the increase of viscosity of blood brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels 8. Agonal Algor - ANSWER decrease in body temperature immediately before death 9. Agonal Coagulation (Congealing) - ANSWER in reference to blood, a change from a fluid into a thickened mass 10. Agonal Dehydration - ANSWER the loss of moisture from the living body during the agonal state 11. Agonal Edema - ANSWER escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location immediately before death 12. Agonal Fever - ANSWER increase in body temperature immediately before death 13. Agonal Period - ANSWER period immediately before somatic death 14. Algor Mortis - ANSWER post mortem cooling of the body to the surrounding temperature 15. Alternate Drainage (Restricted Drainage) - ANSWER Method of injection-drainage in which embalming solution is injected and then injection is stopped while drainage is open 16. American Congress of Governmental Industrial Hygienists/ ACGIH - ANSWER an organization of professional personnel in governmental agencies or educational institutions who are employed i occupational safety and health programs 17. Amino Acid - ANSWER the building blocks of proteins, and the end products of protein digestion or hydrolysis, it is a conpound containging amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl (-COOH) group attached to an alpha carbon and a radical 18. Abdominal Anatomical regions - ANSWER (1) nine region plan: by means of four imaginary planes, two of which are horizontal (indicated by lines drawn across the right and left 10" ribs and across the right and left anterior superior iliac spines) and two sagittal (indicated by lines drawn from mid point of inguinal ligament to nipples to nipples of chest, right and left sides). Upper row - right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac. Middle row- right lumbar umbilical, left lumbar. Lower row- right inguinal (iliac), hypogastric, left inguinal( iliac). (2) four sagittal lan: by means of two imaginary planes, one horizontal and the other mid- sagittal. Upper right quadrant, upper left quadrant, lower right quadrant, lower left quadrant. 19. Abrasion - ANSWER antemortem injuries resulting from friction of the skin against a firm object resulting in the removal of the epidermis 20. Abut - ANSWER to touch or contact, as with the tarsal plates of the closed eyelids 21. Acessory Chemicals - ANSWER group of chemicals used in addition to Vascular (arterial ) and cavity embalming fluids; includes but is not limited to hardening compounds, preservative powders, sealing agents, mold preventative agents, and pack application agents 22. Anaerobic - ANSWER in the absence of free oxygen 23. Anasarca - ANSWER generalized massive edema in subcutaneous tissue 24. Anatomical Guide - ANSWER a descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by means of anatomical structures which are known 25. Anatomical Limits - ANSWER points of origin and points of termination in relation to adjacent structures; used to designate the boundaries of arteries 26. Anatomical Position - ANSWER the body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointed away from the body 27. Aneurysm - ANSWER localized abnormal dilation or out pocketing of a blood vessel resulting from congenital defect or a weakness of a vessel wall 28. Aneurysm Hook - ANSWER an embalming instrument used for blunt dissection and in raising vessels; has an eye in the hook position of the instrument for placing ligatures around the vessels 29. Aneurysm Needle - ANSWER an embalming instrument that is used for blunt dissection an din raising vessels, which has an eye in the hook portion of he instrument for placing ligatures around the vessels 30. Angular Spring Forceps - ANSWER a multipurpose instrument used in the embalming process 31. Anomalies - ANSWER deviation from the normal 32. Antecubital - ANSWER in front of the elbow/in the bend of the elbow 33. Antemortem - ANSWER before death 34. Anterior - ANSWER toward the front 35. Anterior Superior Iliac Spine - ANSWER a bony protuberance, that can be palpated topographically, found on the ilium, the superior, broad portion of the hipbone; the origin of he inguinal ligament and the sartorius muscle 36. Anticoagulant Fluid - ANSWER ingredient of embalming fluids that retards the natural postmortem tendency of blood to become more viscous or prevents adverse reactions between blood and other embalming chemicals 37. Apparent Death - ANSWER condition in which the manifestations of life are feebly maintained 38. Arterial (Vascular) Fluid - ANSWER the concentrated, preservative, embalming chemical that will be diluted with water to form the arterial solution for injection into the arterial system during vascular embalming. The purpose is for inactivating saprophytic bacteria and rendering the body tissues less susceptible to decomposition 39. Arterial Solution - ANSWER the mixture of arterial (Vascular) fluid and water which is used for the arterial injection and may include supplemental fluids 40. Arterial Tube - ANSWER a tube used to inject embalming fluid into the blood vascular system 41. Arteriosclerosis - ANSWER disease of the arteries resulting in thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls 42. Articulation - ANSWER place of union between two or more bones 43. Ascites - ANSWER accumulation of serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity 44. Asepsis - ANSWER freedom from infection and from any form of life; sterility. 45. Asphyxia - ANSWER insufficient intake of oxygen resulting from any of numerous causes 46. Aspiration - ANSWER withdrawal of gas, fluids, and semi-solids from body cavities and hollow viscera by means of suction with an aspirator and a trocar 47. Atheroma - ANSWER fatty degeneration or thickening of the walls of the larger arteries occurring in atherosclerosis 48. Autoclave - ANSWER apparatus used for sterilization by steam pressure, usually at 250 degrees F/ 121 degrees C for a specific time 49. Autolysis - ANSWER self-destruction of cells; decomposition of all tissues by enzymes of their own formation without microbial assistance 50. Autolytic Enzyme - ANSWER the body's own digestive enzymes that are capable of destroying body cells (autolytic decomposition) 51. Autopsy (Postmortem Examination) - ANSWER a postmortem examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological condition; necropsy. 52. Bactericidal Agent - ANSWER agent that destroys bacteria 53. Bacteriostatic Agent - ANSWER agent that has the ability to inhibit or retard bacterial growth. No destruction of viability of the microorganism is implied 54. Balsamic Substance - ANSWER resins combined wiht oil; a fragrant, resinous, oil exudate from various trees and plants 55. Base of the Axillary Space - ANSWER the armpit 56. Biohazard - ANSWER biological agent or condition that constitutes a hazard to humans 57. Biohazardous Waste (Infectious Waste) - ANSWER bloodborne pathogens, blood or body fluids exposure, any potentially infective, contaminated waste associated with the preparation of human remains that constitutes a hazard to humans in the workplace 58. Biological Death - ANSWER irreversible somatic death 59. Biocalorimetry Ether/ BCME - ANSWER a carcinogen potentially produced when formaldehyde and sodium hypochlorite come into contact with each other; normally occurs only in a controlled laboratory setting and requires a catalyst 60. Bleaching Agent - ANSWER a chemical that lightens a skin discoloration 61. Blood - ANSWER cell containing fluid that circulates through the blood vascular system and is composed of approximately 22% solids an d78% water 62. Blood Discoloration - ANSWER discolorations resulting from change in blood composition, content, or location, either intravascularly or extra vascularly 63. Blood Pressure - ANSWER the pressure exerted by the blood in the living body on the arterial wall measured in millimeters of mercury 64. Blood Vascular System - ANSWER circulatory network composed of the heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins 65. Bloodborne Pathogen Rule - ANSWER OSHA Regulation (29CFR ) regulating the employee's exposure to blood and other body fluids. OSHA Definitions: blood, human blood, human blood components, and products made from human blood. 66. Bloodborne Pathogens - ANSWER Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans; these pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 67. Blunt Dissection - ANSWER the separation and pushing aside of he superficial fascia leading to blood vessels and then the deep fascia surrounding blood vessels, utilizing manual techniques or round-ended instruments which separate rather than cut the protective tissues 68. Boil (Furuncle) - ANSWER acute, deep-seated inflammation in the skin, which usually begins as a subcutaneous swelling in a hair follicle 69. Bridge suture (interrupted suture) - ANSWER a temporary surture consisting of individually cut and tied stiched employed to sustain the proper position of tissues 70. Buccal Cavity - ANSWER vesibule of the oral cavity; the space between the lips, gums, and teeth 71. Bulb Syringe - ANSWER Self- contained, soft runbber manual pump designed to create pressure to deliver fluids; it cannot be used for aspiration 72. Buffers - ANSWER substances that in solution are capable of neutralizing within limits, both acids and bases and thereby maintaining the original, or constant pH, of the solution 73. Cadaver - ANSWER dead human body used for medical purposes: including transplantation, anatomical dissection and study 74. Cadaveric Spasm - ANSWER a prolongation o fhe last vilolent contraction of he muscle into the rigidity of death 75. Calvarium - ANSWER the dome-like superior portion of he cranium; that portion removed during cranial autopsy 76. Calvarium Clamp - ANSWER a device used as means of fastening the calvarium after a cranial autopsy 77. Canalization - ANSWER formation of new channels in a tissue 78. capillaries - ANSWER minute blood vessels, the walls of which comprise a single layer of endothelial cells, Capillaries connect the smallest arteries (arterioles) with the smallest veins ( Venules) and are where pressure filtration occures 79. Capillary Permeability - ANSWER ability of substances to diffuse through capillary walls into the tissue spaces 80. Carbohydrate - ANSWER a compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen that is an aldehyde or ketone derivative of polyhydroxyl alcohol, Examples are sugars, starches, and glycogen 81. Carbuncle - ANSWER circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that ends in suppuation and is acompanied by systemic symptoms, such as fever and leukocytosis 82. Carcinogen (Carcinogenicity) - ANSWER a cancer-causing chemical or material 83. Cavitation - ANSWER the formation of cavities in an organ or tissure/ frequently seen in some forms of tuberculosis 84. Cavity Embalming - ANSWER direct treatment, other than vascular (arterial) injection, of the contents of the body cavities and the lumina of the hollow viscera; usually accomplished by aspiration and injection of chemicals using a trocar 85. Cavity Fluid - ANSWER embalming chemicals which are injected into the cavities of the body following the aspiration in cavity embalming. Cavity fluid can also be used as the chemical in hypodermic and surface embalming. 86. Cellular Death - ANSWER death of the indicidual cells of he body 87. Center of Fluid Distribution - ANSWER ascending aorta and/or arch of the aorta 88. Center of Venous Drainage - ANSWER right atrium of he heart 89. Centrifugal Force Machine - ANSWER Embalming machine that uses an delectrical pump to create pressure, either pulsating or non-pulsating 90. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/ CDCP (CDC) - ANSWER a major agency of the Department of Health and Human Services, wiht headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, concerned with all phases of control of communicable, vector-borne nad occupational diseases 91. Chelate - ANSWER substances that bind metallic ions such as EDTA ( Ethylenediamine-tetracetic acid); used as an anticoagulant in embalming solutions 92. Chemical Postmortem Change - ANSWER change in hte body's chemical composition that occurs after death; for example, release of heme leading to postmortem staining 93. Chemotherapy (chemotherapeutic agents) - ANSWER the application of chemical reagents in the treatment of disease in man, using an elevated preservation demand 94. Clinical Death - ANSWER a phase of somatic death lasting from five to six minutes in which life may be restored 95. Closed System Drainage - ANSWER drainage procedure that limits the exposure of he embalmer toe th edrainage, tubing is attached to a drain tube allowing drainage to flow directly from a vein into a sanitary disposal system; tubing may also be attached to a trocar and aspirator allowing drainage to be taken from right atrium of the heart to the sanitary disposal system 96. Coagulating Agents - ANSWER chemical and physical agents that bring about coagulation 97. Co-injection Fluid - ANSWER a fluid used primarily to supplement and enhance the actio of vascular (arterial) solutions 98. Coma - ANSWER mode of somatic death; death beginning at the brain 99. Communicable Disease - ANSWER disease that may be transmitted either directly or indiretly between individuals by an infectious agent 100. Concurrent Disinfection - ANSWER disinfection practices carried out during the embalming process 101. Concurrent Drainage - ANSWER method of drainage in which drainage occurs continuously during vascular (arterial) injection 102. Condyle - ANSWER rounded articular process on a bone