NURS2700 FINAL EXAM STUDY
GUIDE
what are the 4 risk factors for healthcare related infections? - Answer decreased
immune response, exposure to other patients, invasive procedures or surgery,
contamination, or improper sanitation practices
what are the 6 links in the chain of infection? - Answer infectious agent, reservoir, portal
of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host.
what are the five predictable stages of the infectious process? - Answer incubation,
prodrome, illness, decline, convalescence
describe the incubation stage. - Answer infection begins, host is unaware, still capable
of transmitting it
describe the prodrome stage. - Answer characterized by the first appearance of vague
symptoms, not all infections have this stage
describe the illness stage - Answer patient becomes ill and symptoms appear
describe the decline stage - Answer immune defenses and/or medical therapies reduce
the number of microbes
describe the convalescence stage - Answer healing begins
what are the six primary defenses against infection? - Answer normal flora of body, skin,
respiratory tree, eyes, mouth, GI tract, and genitourinary tract and anus.
what are lifestyle factors that increase a host's susceptibility for infection? - Answer
developmental stage, breaks in the skin, illness or injury, tobacco use, substance
abuse, multiple sexual partners, environmental factors, chronic disease, medications,
invasive procedures
developmental stage: - Answer very young: immature immune systems, very old:
decreased immune responses
breaks in the skin: - Answer creates a portal of entry
illness or injury: - Answer limits immune response
tobacco use: - Answer interferes with normal respiratory function, infections paralyze
cilia and bacteria cannot be expelled
substance abuse: - Answer nutritional deficiencies, liver damage, skin breaks, damage
to respiratory cilia
,Multiple sexual partners: - Answer microbes transmitted through semen and vaginal
secretions
environmental factors: - Answer increased exposure, irritate respiratory airways, or
breaks in the skin
chronic diseases: - Answer immune suppression, decreased circulation prevents T cells
from reaching the pathogen
Medications: - Answer some medications reduce an immune response or lower WBC
count
invasive procedures: - Answer create a risk for transmission or portal of entry
What are the six wellness promotions to support host defenses against infection? -
Answer nutrition, hygiene, rest and sleep, exercise and activity, stress reduction, and
immunizations
what are exogenous infections? - Answer infection outside an organ
what are endogenous infections? - Answer infections caused by our normal flora
what are the 4 phases of a therapeutic relationship? - Answer pre interaction,
orientation, working, and termination phase
describe the preinteraction phase. - Answer occurs before meeting the client, gathering
information
describe the orientation phase. - Answer begins when you meet the client, goal is to
establish rapport and trust
describe the working phase. - Answer where most therapeutic communication occurs,
mutual respect is maintained
describe the termination phase. - Answer conclusion of the relationship, summarize
what are the components of communication? - Answer sender, encoding, message,
channel, receiver, and feedback
what factors affect communication? - Answer environment, developmental variations,
gender, personal space, sociocultural factors.
what are the characteristics of therapeutic communication? - Answer empathy,
genuineness, concreteness, and confrontation
what are some common barriers to therapeutic communication? - Answer asking too
many questions, firehosing information, failing to probe, expressing approval or
disapproval, offering advice, using patronizing language
how to enhance culturally sensitive communication? - Answer translators, ask for help
, from family members, internet translators
what is interprofessional communication? - Answer when nurses speak with family
members, patients, doctors, or other healthcare professionals
what is intraprofessional communication? - Answer when nurses speak with other
nurses
what is directive interviewing? - Answer nurse controls the topic, uses mostly closed
questions
what type of information is obtained from directive interviewing? - Answer factual, easily
categorized, in an emergent situation.
which patients would a nurse likely use directive interviewing with? - Answer a
cognitively impaired client
what is non-directive interviewing? - Answer patient controls the subject matter, mostly
open ended questions
what are some helpful tips for nurses to prepare before an interview? - Answer know
your purpose, read pt. chart, form goals, prepare questions, schedule uninterrupted
time, and prepare the room
FOLK active listening skills: - Answer face the patient, open & relaxed posture, lean
toward patient, & keep eye contact
how to should a nurse close an interview with a client? - Answer informt he pt. the
interview is nearly complete, summarize main points, ensure documentation has been
completed, ask if there are any questions, thank the patient
what are the components of a general health survey? - Answer biographical data,
patient perception of health, past health history, family health history, social history,
medications, review of body systems
what are the observational components of the general health survey? - Answer
appearance & behavior, body type & posture, speech, dress, grooming, & hygiene, and
mental state
define activities of daily living (ADLs). - Answer tasks that are completed nearly
everyday (bathing, feeding, toileting, dressing, transferring)
define instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). - Answer activities necessary to
maintain one's immediate environment (shopping, cleaning, cooking, talking on the
phone)
what should be included in a physical assessment related to activity and exercise? -
Answer height, weight, BMI, vitals, muscle strength, gair & activity tolerance
describe an antalgic gait. - Answer limp to avoid pain when bearing weight on the
GUIDE
what are the 4 risk factors for healthcare related infections? - Answer decreased
immune response, exposure to other patients, invasive procedures or surgery,
contamination, or improper sanitation practices
what are the 6 links in the chain of infection? - Answer infectious agent, reservoir, portal
of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host.
what are the five predictable stages of the infectious process? - Answer incubation,
prodrome, illness, decline, convalescence
describe the incubation stage. - Answer infection begins, host is unaware, still capable
of transmitting it
describe the prodrome stage. - Answer characterized by the first appearance of vague
symptoms, not all infections have this stage
describe the illness stage - Answer patient becomes ill and symptoms appear
describe the decline stage - Answer immune defenses and/or medical therapies reduce
the number of microbes
describe the convalescence stage - Answer healing begins
what are the six primary defenses against infection? - Answer normal flora of body, skin,
respiratory tree, eyes, mouth, GI tract, and genitourinary tract and anus.
what are lifestyle factors that increase a host's susceptibility for infection? - Answer
developmental stage, breaks in the skin, illness or injury, tobacco use, substance
abuse, multiple sexual partners, environmental factors, chronic disease, medications,
invasive procedures
developmental stage: - Answer very young: immature immune systems, very old:
decreased immune responses
breaks in the skin: - Answer creates a portal of entry
illness or injury: - Answer limits immune response
tobacco use: - Answer interferes with normal respiratory function, infections paralyze
cilia and bacteria cannot be expelled
substance abuse: - Answer nutritional deficiencies, liver damage, skin breaks, damage
to respiratory cilia
,Multiple sexual partners: - Answer microbes transmitted through semen and vaginal
secretions
environmental factors: - Answer increased exposure, irritate respiratory airways, or
breaks in the skin
chronic diseases: - Answer immune suppression, decreased circulation prevents T cells
from reaching the pathogen
Medications: - Answer some medications reduce an immune response or lower WBC
count
invasive procedures: - Answer create a risk for transmission or portal of entry
What are the six wellness promotions to support host defenses against infection? -
Answer nutrition, hygiene, rest and sleep, exercise and activity, stress reduction, and
immunizations
what are exogenous infections? - Answer infection outside an organ
what are endogenous infections? - Answer infections caused by our normal flora
what are the 4 phases of a therapeutic relationship? - Answer pre interaction,
orientation, working, and termination phase
describe the preinteraction phase. - Answer occurs before meeting the client, gathering
information
describe the orientation phase. - Answer begins when you meet the client, goal is to
establish rapport and trust
describe the working phase. - Answer where most therapeutic communication occurs,
mutual respect is maintained
describe the termination phase. - Answer conclusion of the relationship, summarize
what are the components of communication? - Answer sender, encoding, message,
channel, receiver, and feedback
what factors affect communication? - Answer environment, developmental variations,
gender, personal space, sociocultural factors.
what are the characteristics of therapeutic communication? - Answer empathy,
genuineness, concreteness, and confrontation
what are some common barriers to therapeutic communication? - Answer asking too
many questions, firehosing information, failing to probe, expressing approval or
disapproval, offering advice, using patronizing language
how to enhance culturally sensitive communication? - Answer translators, ask for help
, from family members, internet translators
what is interprofessional communication? - Answer when nurses speak with family
members, patients, doctors, or other healthcare professionals
what is intraprofessional communication? - Answer when nurses speak with other
nurses
what is directive interviewing? - Answer nurse controls the topic, uses mostly closed
questions
what type of information is obtained from directive interviewing? - Answer factual, easily
categorized, in an emergent situation.
which patients would a nurse likely use directive interviewing with? - Answer a
cognitively impaired client
what is non-directive interviewing? - Answer patient controls the subject matter, mostly
open ended questions
what are some helpful tips for nurses to prepare before an interview? - Answer know
your purpose, read pt. chart, form goals, prepare questions, schedule uninterrupted
time, and prepare the room
FOLK active listening skills: - Answer face the patient, open & relaxed posture, lean
toward patient, & keep eye contact
how to should a nurse close an interview with a client? - Answer informt he pt. the
interview is nearly complete, summarize main points, ensure documentation has been
completed, ask if there are any questions, thank the patient
what are the components of a general health survey? - Answer biographical data,
patient perception of health, past health history, family health history, social history,
medications, review of body systems
what are the observational components of the general health survey? - Answer
appearance & behavior, body type & posture, speech, dress, grooming, & hygiene, and
mental state
define activities of daily living (ADLs). - Answer tasks that are completed nearly
everyday (bathing, feeding, toileting, dressing, transferring)
define instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). - Answer activities necessary to
maintain one's immediate environment (shopping, cleaning, cooking, talking on the
phone)
what should be included in a physical assessment related to activity and exercise? -
Answer height, weight, BMI, vitals, muscle strength, gair & activity tolerance
describe an antalgic gait. - Answer limp to avoid pain when bearing weight on the
