BME 2800 Final Exam With
Complete Solution
Tunica intima - ANSWER the innermost layer of a blood vessel
made of mostly endothelial cells and supporting membrane
tunica media - ANSWER Thick middle layer made of smooth muscle cells,
thiner in veins
tunica externa - ANSWER outer layer of a blood vessel which connects it to
surrounding tissues
made mostly of collagen fibers
elastic arteries - ANSWER Balloon-like pressure reservoirs that keep blood
circulating during diastole
Gets bigger when heart ejects
shrinks as blood moves into system
diastole - ANSWER Relaxation of the heart
muscular arteries - ANSWER First level distributors which dilate/constrict to
regulate blood flow to certain body areas and direct blood to Arterioles
Arterioles - ANSWER Dilate/constrict to regulate blood flow to capillary beds
Capillaries - ANSWER Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place
between the blood and cells of the body, no muscle
Veins - ANSWER Very stretchy vessels that carry blood back to the heart, act
,as blood reservoirs
don't have much smooth muscle
vascular anatomoses - ANSWER plexuses of blood vessels which provide
redundancy in case of blockage
very common in veinous system
systolic pressure - ANSWER Heart contraction=high pressure
diastolic pressure - ANSWER Heart relaxes, low pressure
What does Flow depend on - ANSWER Flow=dP/TPR
dP= change in pressure(high to low pressure)
TPR=total peripheral resistance
Structural adaptation to prevent backflow - ANSWER One-way valves
Functional adaptations to prevent backflow - ANSWER muscular pumps,
respiratory pumps, Sympathetic Venoconstriction
one way valves - ANSWER Major mechanism in the control of unidirectional
blood flow through veins and heart chambers
muscular pumps - ANSWER As muscles squeeze pushes into next
chamber/area
respiratory pump - ANSWER Inhalation raises abdominal pressure & Lowers
chest pressure, causing net pressure drop across veins
sympathetic venoconstriction - ANSWER Contracting smooth muscle to push
Left half of heart - ANSWER receives blood from the lungs and pumps it to
, the rest of the body
Right half of heart - ANSWER pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Right atria - ANSWER receives deoxygenated blood and pumps to right
ventricle
Right ventricle - ANSWER Receives blood from right Atria and pumps
deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Left Atria - ANSWER receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps
to left ventricle
Left ventricle - ANSWER receives blood from left atria and pumps
oxygenated blood to the body
type 1 pneumocytes - ANSWER gas exchange
maintain ion-fluid balance
tells type 2 cells to secrete surfactant
type 2 pneumocytes - ANSWER produce surfactant
transports water
regenerates epithelium
alveolar macrophages - ANSWER phagocytose(eat) small particles in alveoli
surfactant - ANSWER a substance that tends to reduce the surface tension of
a liquid in which it is dissolved.
What causes a decrease in blood oxygen concentration - ANSWER an
increase in blood velocity
Complete Solution
Tunica intima - ANSWER the innermost layer of a blood vessel
made of mostly endothelial cells and supporting membrane
tunica media - ANSWER Thick middle layer made of smooth muscle cells,
thiner in veins
tunica externa - ANSWER outer layer of a blood vessel which connects it to
surrounding tissues
made mostly of collagen fibers
elastic arteries - ANSWER Balloon-like pressure reservoirs that keep blood
circulating during diastole
Gets bigger when heart ejects
shrinks as blood moves into system
diastole - ANSWER Relaxation of the heart
muscular arteries - ANSWER First level distributors which dilate/constrict to
regulate blood flow to certain body areas and direct blood to Arterioles
Arterioles - ANSWER Dilate/constrict to regulate blood flow to capillary beds
Capillaries - ANSWER Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place
between the blood and cells of the body, no muscle
Veins - ANSWER Very stretchy vessels that carry blood back to the heart, act
,as blood reservoirs
don't have much smooth muscle
vascular anatomoses - ANSWER plexuses of blood vessels which provide
redundancy in case of blockage
very common in veinous system
systolic pressure - ANSWER Heart contraction=high pressure
diastolic pressure - ANSWER Heart relaxes, low pressure
What does Flow depend on - ANSWER Flow=dP/TPR
dP= change in pressure(high to low pressure)
TPR=total peripheral resistance
Structural adaptation to prevent backflow - ANSWER One-way valves
Functional adaptations to prevent backflow - ANSWER muscular pumps,
respiratory pumps, Sympathetic Venoconstriction
one way valves - ANSWER Major mechanism in the control of unidirectional
blood flow through veins and heart chambers
muscular pumps - ANSWER As muscles squeeze pushes into next
chamber/area
respiratory pump - ANSWER Inhalation raises abdominal pressure & Lowers
chest pressure, causing net pressure drop across veins
sympathetic venoconstriction - ANSWER Contracting smooth muscle to push
Left half of heart - ANSWER receives blood from the lungs and pumps it to
, the rest of the body
Right half of heart - ANSWER pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Right atria - ANSWER receives deoxygenated blood and pumps to right
ventricle
Right ventricle - ANSWER Receives blood from right Atria and pumps
deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Left Atria - ANSWER receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps
to left ventricle
Left ventricle - ANSWER receives blood from left atria and pumps
oxygenated blood to the body
type 1 pneumocytes - ANSWER gas exchange
maintain ion-fluid balance
tells type 2 cells to secrete surfactant
type 2 pneumocytes - ANSWER produce surfactant
transports water
regenerates epithelium
alveolar macrophages - ANSWER phagocytose(eat) small particles in alveoli
surfactant - ANSWER a substance that tends to reduce the surface tension of
a liquid in which it is dissolved.
What causes a decrease in blood oxygen concentration - ANSWER an
increase in blood velocity
