Anesthesiology Exam I Questions With Complete Solutions

Anesthesiology Exam I Questions With Complete Solutions .A ________ converts liquid anesthetic agent to its vapor form and adds it in measured concentrations to the fresh gas flow or the breathing system. - ANSWER-Vaporizer .Agents potentially producing the highest to the lowest amount of CO in CO2 absorbant container? - ANSWER-desflurane > isoflurane > sevoflurane = halothane (DISH) .An appropriately sized cuff should have a width of approximately _____% of the circumference of the extremity and a bladder length that encircles at least _____% of the extremity? - ANSWER-40, 60 .Apneic Oxygenation - ANSWER-This method is based on the principle that, if the airway is patent, continuous O 2 consumption from alveoli creates the pressure difference that causes mass movement of gas from the upper airway into the alveoli .ASA E - ANSWER-Any emergency surgery .ASA I - ANSWER-Healthy Patient .ASA II - ANSWER-Pt. with mild systemic illness that is well controlled .ASA III - ANSWER-Pt. with severe systemic illness that is poorly controlled .ASA IV - ANSWER-Pt. with poorly controlled severe systemic illness that is a constant threat to life .ASA V - ANSWER-Pt. who is not expected to survive 24h without surgery .ASA VI - ANSWER-Brain dead pt. pending organ harvest .Bernoulli's Principle - ANSWER-Describes the relationship between the pressure and the velocity of a moving fluid (i.e., air or water ). Bernoulli's principle states that as the velocity of fluid flow increases, the pressure exerted by that fluid decreases. .BIS (Bispectral Index Monitor) - ANSWER-Processes EEG and allows for quantitative measure of depth of anesthesia .Boiling point - ANSWER-The temperature at which the liquid's vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure .Boyle's Law - ANSWER-The absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies, if the temperature and amount of gas remain unchanged within a closed system. .By how many times is cardiac complication increased in emergency vs. similar elective procedures? - ANSWER-2-5 times increase .By what amount per liter does nasal cannula increase FiO2? - ANSWER-0.04/liter up to 6 L .By what factor do those with difficult mask ventilation have with difficult intubation? - ANSWER-4 fold .By what factor do those with difficult mask ventilation have with impossible intubation? - ANSWER-12 fold .By what factor does a Mallampati of III or IV increase difficult intubation? - ANSWER-Factor of 6 .Cetaine components - ANSWER-2% tetracaine and 14% benzocaine .Class I Upper Lip Bite Test - ANSWER-lower incisors can bite above the vermilion border of the upper lip .Class II Upper Lip Bite Test - ANSWER-lower incisors cannot reach vermillion border .Class III Upper Lip Bite Test - ANSWER-lower incisor cannot bite upper lip .Classic side effect of cetacaine? - ANSWER-methhemoglobinemia .Compound A - ANSWER-fluoromethyl-2,2-difluoro-1-trifluoromethylvinylether .Cormack-Lehane Grade 1 Airway - ANSWER-Full view of glottis and cords .Cormack-Lehane Grade 2 Airway - ANSWER-Partial view of glottis and cords .Cormack-Lehane Grade 2a Airway - ANSWER-partial view of glottis .Cormack-Lehane Grade 2b Airway - ANSWER-arytenoids or posterior part of the vocal cords only just visible .Cormack-Lehane Grade 3 Airway - ANSWER-posterior portion of epiglottis or arytenoids visualized .Cormack-Lehane Grade 4 Airway - ANSWER-epiglottis or glottis not visualized .Coronary Perfusion Pressure=? - ANSWER-DBP-LVEDP .Critical temperature - ANSWER-It is the temperature of a gas above which it cannot be liquefied, irrespective of the amount compression pressure applied on it. .Dead space in a breathing circuit - ANSWER-from Y piece to endotracheal tube .Dead space of a circuit - ANSWER-the volume of the breathing system from the patient-end to the point up to which to and fro movement of expired gas takes place .Deep Sedation Characteristics: 1) Responsiveness 2) Airway 3) Spontaneous Ventilation 4) Cardiac Function - ANSWER-1) Responsiveness: Variably responsive to painful stimuli 2) Airway: may require intervention 3) Spontaneous Ventilation: May be inadequate 4) Cardiac Function: usually not impaired .Difficult Airway - ANSWER-defined as more than three attempts, or taking longer than 10 minutes .Epiglottic Valleculae - ANSWER-a depression (vallecula) just behind the root of the tongue between the folds in the throat. .Estimation formula of residual time for oxygen supply in an "E" cylinder? - ANSWER-0.3 x pressure (psi) / Flow (Liters/min) .Fluid replacement formula? - ANSWER-1) 4 cc/kg/h for first 10 kg 2) 2 cc/kg/h for next 10 kg 3) 1 cc/kg/h for each kg thereafter .Gay-Lucca's Law - ANSWER-In a fixed volume (cylinder), an increase in gas temperature increases its pressure .General Anesthesia - ANSWER-a pharmacologically (drug) induced reversible state of unconsciousness.