Biology 1023 Final Exam Study Guide with
Complete Solutions
World of Fungi and Lichen, Animal Diversity I, Animal Diversity II, and Human Evolution
Kingdom Fungi - Correct Answer decomposers, contain no chlorophyll (non photosynthetic, majority
are multicellular, some unicellular, non-motile, cell walls contained chitin, and reproduce sexually
and asexually
multicellular fungi - Correct Answer molds and mushrooms
unicellular fungi - Correct Answer yeast
asexual reproduction - Correct Answer reproduction through spores
sexual reproduction - Correct Answer reproduction through mating of hyphae filaments
Mycelium - Correct Answer distinctive body; composed of microscopic, branched filaments known as
hyphae. Involved in absorbing food from substrate. usually hidden in the soil, in wood, or in the
substrate.
Hyphae - Correct Answer each of the branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus.
Types of Fungal Hyphae - Correct Answer 1. Septate
2. aseptate
Septum - Correct Answer cross-wall or dividing wall
Chitin - Correct Answer evidence that fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants. (is not
found in plants)
aseptate hyphae - Correct Answer no cross walls
,septate hyphae - Correct Answer hyphae with cross walls, consider more complex
Mycorrhizae - Correct Answer -Ecological relationship between the mycelium of a fungus and the
roots of certain plants
-Fungus obtains carbohydrates while plants use enlarged network to increase surface area for
absorbing water and nutrients from soil.
How Fungi Obtain Nutrients - Correct Answer - Fungi are absorptive heterotrophs
- external digestion
- many are decomposers
- some are predators
- some are parasites/biotrophs
- most are saprophytes
Heterotrophs - Correct Answer get nutrients from other organisms because they cannot produce
their own.
1. Chytridiomycota
2. Zygomycota
3. Glomeromycota
4. Ascomycota
5. Basidiomycota - Correct Answer the fungi kingdom contains 5 divisions
Chytridiomycota - Correct Answer -chytrids
- simplest and most primitive fungi
- first appeared in fossil records
- some occur as single, spherical, cell that may produce hyphae.
- Others exist as unbranched aseptate hyphae
production of flagellate cells for dispersal of spores or gametes - Correct Answer Links chytrids to the
ancestry of protists and animals
, Chytridiomycota - Correct Answer Flagellate, aquatic, mostly decomposers, some pathogenic. Causes
diseases in amphibians resulting in species decline and extinctions.
Reproduction of Chytridiomycota - Correct Answer sexual and asexual.
- sexual through haploid gametes
- asexual through diploid flagellate zoospores
Zygomycota - Correct Answer - Commonly known as "bread molds";
- multinucleate hyphae aseptate
- decomposers and pathogens
- one species used to ferment rice into "sake" and another to inoculate soybeans to make tempeh
(like tofu).
Reproduction of Zygomycota - Correct Answer Asexual and Sexual.
- Reproduces asexually by nonflagellate spores produced in sporangia.
- Reproduces sexually by thick walled resting structures called zygospores (developed inside the
zygosporangium); fusion of hyphae forms zygosprangium in which meiosis occurs
Glomeromycota - Correct Answer -AM fungi (arbuscular mycorrhizal)
- form mycorrhizal associations with many plant species
- surround the plant roots and aid in the absorption of nutrients from soil
- vascular plants depend on
- fossil evidence suggest that the invasion of plants on land may have depended on AM fungi;
- aseptate hyphae
Reproduction of Glomeromycota - Correct Answer Asexually only; large, nonflagellate, multinucleate
spores
Ascomycota - Correct Answer - "Cup fungi"
- Septate hyphae
- mainly found in terrestrial environments but some are aquatic
- many are decomposers, many form lichens, some are pathogens, and a few form mycorrhizal
associations
Complete Solutions
World of Fungi and Lichen, Animal Diversity I, Animal Diversity II, and Human Evolution
Kingdom Fungi - Correct Answer decomposers, contain no chlorophyll (non photosynthetic, majority
are multicellular, some unicellular, non-motile, cell walls contained chitin, and reproduce sexually
and asexually
multicellular fungi - Correct Answer molds and mushrooms
unicellular fungi - Correct Answer yeast
asexual reproduction - Correct Answer reproduction through spores
sexual reproduction - Correct Answer reproduction through mating of hyphae filaments
Mycelium - Correct Answer distinctive body; composed of microscopic, branched filaments known as
hyphae. Involved in absorbing food from substrate. usually hidden in the soil, in wood, or in the
substrate.
Hyphae - Correct Answer each of the branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus.
Types of Fungal Hyphae - Correct Answer 1. Septate
2. aseptate
Septum - Correct Answer cross-wall or dividing wall
Chitin - Correct Answer evidence that fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants. (is not
found in plants)
aseptate hyphae - Correct Answer no cross walls
,septate hyphae - Correct Answer hyphae with cross walls, consider more complex
Mycorrhizae - Correct Answer -Ecological relationship between the mycelium of a fungus and the
roots of certain plants
-Fungus obtains carbohydrates while plants use enlarged network to increase surface area for
absorbing water and nutrients from soil.
How Fungi Obtain Nutrients - Correct Answer - Fungi are absorptive heterotrophs
- external digestion
- many are decomposers
- some are predators
- some are parasites/biotrophs
- most are saprophytes
Heterotrophs - Correct Answer get nutrients from other organisms because they cannot produce
their own.
1. Chytridiomycota
2. Zygomycota
3. Glomeromycota
4. Ascomycota
5. Basidiomycota - Correct Answer the fungi kingdom contains 5 divisions
Chytridiomycota - Correct Answer -chytrids
- simplest and most primitive fungi
- first appeared in fossil records
- some occur as single, spherical, cell that may produce hyphae.
- Others exist as unbranched aseptate hyphae
production of flagellate cells for dispersal of spores or gametes - Correct Answer Links chytrids to the
ancestry of protists and animals
, Chytridiomycota - Correct Answer Flagellate, aquatic, mostly decomposers, some pathogenic. Causes
diseases in amphibians resulting in species decline and extinctions.
Reproduction of Chytridiomycota - Correct Answer sexual and asexual.
- sexual through haploid gametes
- asexual through diploid flagellate zoospores
Zygomycota - Correct Answer - Commonly known as "bread molds";
- multinucleate hyphae aseptate
- decomposers and pathogens
- one species used to ferment rice into "sake" and another to inoculate soybeans to make tempeh
(like tofu).
Reproduction of Zygomycota - Correct Answer Asexual and Sexual.
- Reproduces asexually by nonflagellate spores produced in sporangia.
- Reproduces sexually by thick walled resting structures called zygospores (developed inside the
zygosporangium); fusion of hyphae forms zygosprangium in which meiosis occurs
Glomeromycota - Correct Answer -AM fungi (arbuscular mycorrhizal)
- form mycorrhizal associations with many plant species
- surround the plant roots and aid in the absorption of nutrients from soil
- vascular plants depend on
- fossil evidence suggest that the invasion of plants on land may have depended on AM fungi;
- aseptate hyphae
Reproduction of Glomeromycota - Correct Answer Asexually only; large, nonflagellate, multinucleate
spores
Ascomycota - Correct Answer - "Cup fungi"
- Septate hyphae
- mainly found in terrestrial environments but some are aquatic
- many are decomposers, many form lichens, some are pathogens, and a few form mycorrhizal
associations
